proceedings: anthropological society 137 



The newly elected President, Mr. F. V. Coville, then took the chair, 

 and after a few happy remarks, introduced the speaker of the evening, 

 Dr. F. W. Clarke, who traced the origin and history of the Washington 

 Academy of Sciences, and dwelt especially on the need for and value of 

 the Academy's newly established Journal. 



W. J. Humphreys, Recording Secretary. 



ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 



The 455th regular meeting of the Soc : ety was held October 24, in the 

 New National Museum. The first paper read was by Mr. J. Mooney, on 

 Indian Survivals in the Carolinas. He gave a brief account of his sum- 

 mer's work with the eastern Cherokee on their reservation in the moun- 

 tains of western North Carolina, and with some mixed-blood survivors, 

 locally known as Croatan Indians, in the eastern part of the state. The 

 east Cherokee numbering about 2000, are descendants of those who fled 

 to the mountains when the body of the tribe was removed to the Indian 

 Territory in 1838. They still retain most of their aboriginal customs 

 and beliefs, together with their language, although the larger tribal cere- 

 monies are nearly obsolete. 



The Croatans, so-called from an attempt to identify them with Ra- 

 leigh's lost colony of 1585, are centered chiefly in Robeson County, to 

 the number of about 8000 according to the last census, with bands in 

 adjoining counties and in South Carolina. They appear to be descend- 

 ants of the original native tribes of the same region, largely mixed with 

 alien blood, the Indian blood still predominative, altho they have com- 

 pletely lost all knowledge of Indian customs, language or tribal names. 

 They are intelligent and prosperous people, farmers and small tradesmen, 

 fully up to the level of their white neighbors. They have official recog- 

 nition from the state as Indians, with a separate school appropriation 

 and support of a small paper called the Indian Observer devoted to 

 their interests. 



Mr. Hodge gave an exhibition and talk on the speech and civiliza- 

 tion of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in New Mexico. Dr. 

 P. Radin spoke on Some Archeological problems of the Winnebagoes. Dr. 

 Hrdlicka suggested that the fact that physical anthropology found of the 

 skulls in the Wisconsin mounds should be taken into consideration by 

 the speaker. 



The 456th regular meeting of the Society was held in the New National 

 Museum November 14. The speaker of the evening was, Mr. W J 

 McGee on Conditions limiting the growth of population in United States. 

 His talk was an elaboration of his paper in Science. (Oct. 6, 1911, pp. 

 428-435.) 



The 457th regular meeting of the Society was held in the New National 

 Museum January 16. Dr. J. W. Fewkes' lectured on the Western 

 neighbors of the Prehistoric Pueblos, illustrating his remarks with lantern 

 slides. The early Spanish discoverers designated the habitations of 

 the sedentary Indians of the Southwest by several names as pueblos, 

 casas grandes, rancherias, and trincheras, the word pueblo being espe- 



