proceedings: philosophical society 139 



The geographical distribution of the forts and trincheras in western 

 Arizona corresponds in a general way with the northern extension of the 

 Yuma stock according to Major Powell's linguistic map. The country 

 west of the Verde valley in which the ruins occur was peopled by Yava- 

 pai, Hualapai, Havasupai, and other Indians called by Cortez, Apaches. 

 The Havasupai who now live in the depths of the Cataract Canyon, and 

 the Hualapai are said to have legends that their ancestors constructed 

 some of the buildings considered. The Hopi Indians dwelling in the 

 pueblo Oraibi claim that certain of their clans came from the west and 

 are of Yuma stock. The question of the kinship of the ancient builders 

 is of interest to the physical anthropologist as well as to the linguist and 

 student of culture history. As the Indians of Yuma stock formerly 

 extended to the Pacific the possible kinship of the western neighbors of 

 the pueblos to tribes of southern California is significant. 



Dr. Hrdlicka in discussion said that the results of the direct study 

 of man himself in the region west of the pueblos agree in a large part 

 with the conclusions arrived at by Dr. Fewkes, but in part they also 

 differ. It is quite possible that the region about and west to southwest 

 of the Aztec Pass was once occupied by either the Mohave or Yuma. 

 The people against whom they had to defend themselves, however, 

 were more probably the Apaches. The Walapai and Supai who today 

 speak the Mohave language, are physically Apache and the same is 

 true of the Yavapai. As the Apache type is a very distinct one, this con- 

 clusion is quite definite. Both tribes contain, of course, some Mohave 

 and probably also Pueblo admixture. 



Dr. Hrdlicka showed a series of views of special Supai and Walapai 

 huts which are related to those of the Apache but are totally distinct 

 from those of the Mohave and Yuma, and numerous types of men and 

 women from the several tribes, showing great resemblance between the 

 Walapai and Supai and the Apache, while the Mohave resemble much 

 more closely the pueblos. 



Mr. George Stetson then spoke on the code of Hammurabi. His 

 remarks showed how humanitarian the code was, and what advance it 

 was on Roman law in several respects tho antedating the latter by cen- 

 turies. The speaker also demonstrated how the laws of various states 

 of the union and certain foreign nations might well be advantageously 

 amended on the lines of the code under discussion. 



Truman Michelson, Secretary. 



THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 



The 702nd meeting was held on January 13, 1912. Two papers were 

 read. KrilmmeVs Handbuch der Ozeanography, Vol. II: R. A. Harris, 

 of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 



The speaker gave a condensed review beginning with the treatment 

 of ocean waves. The errors concerning the energy of waves were pointed 

 out. Then seiches, tides, ocean currents, vertical circulation and ocean 

 streams were discussed. This extensive and valuable treatise on ocean- 

 ography contains a lot of information not elsewhere brought together. 



