abstracts: chemistry 157 



from sedimentary rocks in general. The fourth class is characterized 

 by primary and secondary salinity and is exemplified chiefly by highly 

 concentrated waters such as brines and the ocean. The fifth class is 

 characterized by primary, secondary, and tertiary, salinity, and is exem- 

 plified by waters of peculiar origin, such as the mine-polluted Youghio- 

 gheny River. 



There are presented studies of stream waters of southeastern United 

 States, industrially important by reason of primary alkalinity, in which 

 the influence of varied geology on character is clearly indicated; studies 

 showing the persistence of high silica content in primary-alkaline waters; 

 and studies of the mixing of waters of diverse character in the Lauren- 

 tian and Mississippi River basins. 



The conclusion that natural water may be definitely characterized 

 if the mineral constituents are considered not as load but as a chemical 

 system of balanced values is fully justified and the great value and wide 

 application to water problems of the method of treatment is clearly 

 shown. Herman Stabler. 



CHEMISTRY. — The determination of chromium and its separation from 

 vanadium, in steels. J. R. Cain. Journal Industrial and Engi- 

 neering Chemistry, 4: 17, 1912. Technologic Paper No. 6, Bureau 

 of Standards. 

 Sources of error in some of the usual methods for determining chro- 

 mium in chrome or chrome-vanadium steels, which limit the accuracy 

 of the results, are described. 



The precipitation of chromium from solutions of steels and its separa- 

 tion from practically all the iron can be effected quickly and easily by 

 boiling with a number of precipitants, herein described. 



The chromium may be readily extracted from the precipitates by fusion, 

 and separated from vanadium by precipitating as lead chromate under 

 the conditions prescribed, the chromium being determined volumetrically 

 in the lead chromate. J. R. C. 



CHEMISTRY. — A rapid method for the determination of vanadium in 

 steels, ores, etc., based on its quantitative inclusion by the phospho- 

 molybdate precipitate. J. R. Cain and J. C. Hostetter. To appear 

 as Technologic Paper No. 8, Bureau of Standards. Also to appear 

 in Journal Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 

 1 . It was found that vanadic acid may be quantitatively precipitated 



by ammonium phospho-molybdate. 



