42 NATURAL SCIENCE [July 



connect the people who left the Hastings " Kitchen Middens " with 

 those of the Baltic ; still a great deal of work remains undone on 

 both sides of the North Sea. The flora and fauna of the two 

 countries are too dissimilar for exact comparison ; but the imple- 

 ments in the two cases are practically quite unlike. Many of the 

 habits of both peoples were, and are, the common property of all 

 savages, or semi-savages, living under similar conditions ; but beyond 

 this I do not feel we can go safely, and I am therefore, from other 

 evidence, disposed to regard the Hastings Midden men as quite a 

 different race from those of the Baltic, and recognise their closer 

 relationship witli the race who made the identical curious little 

 implements in the Valley of the Meuse and other places. 



We will next take a survey of some of the features presented by 

 the Hastings " Kitchen Middens," and note some of the points raised 

 by them, and the contained materials. For fuller description of 

 these on some points, to prevent repetition, the reader is referred to 

 the paper in The Journal of the Anthrojjological Institute, vol. xxv., 

 plates x.-xiii. 



Hastings has always been celebrated for its picturesque rock- 

 ledges, caves, and fissures, which exist on both sides of the old 

 town ; but few, if any, ever realize the antiquity of some of these, 

 dating back as they do to the very earliest history of the weald, and 

 will, doubtless, some day reveal to us our lost Miocene World. 

 There can be no doubt that the celebrated St Clement's Caves or 

 fissures originated in the great Earth movements above referred to : 

 that they were inhabited in later Palaeolithic times, and were 

 enlarged by ambidextrous Stone Age man, and still more extensively 

 excavated by right-handed Iron Age man, as shown by the pick 

 marks still extant. I have found fragments of Neolithic pottery in 

 them, and although much of their contents, dating back to the earlier 

 occupations, may have been cleared away by Iron Age man, I still 

 think they would well repay a thorough investigation. To what 

 extent they were used by the Midden men it is difficult to say at 

 present; but, so far as research has gone, it appears that the fissures 

 nearer the sea were used more by way of shelter, and it is the rock- 

 ledges outside these upon which the relics of the life of the time have 

 been preserved. Plate V. shows the general appearance of these 

 fissured and cavernous rocks ; the accumulation of Midden material 

 upon one of the ledges is seen in the front, as shown during the 

 excavations. These projecting surfaces exist at all altitudes up to, 

 say, 120 ft.; here were enacted all the dramas of domestic life, 

 hither were brought the trophy of the chase, the captures from the 

 sea, and the gatherings from the shore ; to this resort were taken the 

 pebbles from the beach, and here they were worked into the various 

 forms and implements that man required for his increasing needs : 



