64 NATURAL SCIENCE [July 



Born at Breslau sixty-five years ago, Sachs studied in the German 

 University of Prague, and in 1851 became assistant to Purkinje. In 

 1856 he was appointed Privatdocent for Plant Physiology in the same 

 University. In 1861 he was called to the Chair of Botany in the 

 Agricultural Academy of Poppelsdorf ; six years later he removed to 

 Freiburg ; and finally in 1868 he obtained the Professorship of Botany 

 at Wiirzburg, which he held until his death. 



Sachs was a hard worker and a voluminous author. The Loyal 

 Society's catalogue enumerates 92 papers up to 1883 only. The first, 

 on the crayfish, appeared in Ziva, a periodical printed in Bohemian, 

 and published at Prague. If we turn over the numbers of Ziva for a 

 few years from 1853 onward, the great energy of the man and the bent 

 of his mind towards the morphology and physiology of plants is evi- 

 dent. Among the excellent figures which accompany the text and 

 which alone appeal to most of us, we see the originals of many which 

 have since become classical. Besides his Text-book of Botany, the Clar- 

 endon Press has put two other of Sachs' useful works within the reach 

 of all English-speaking students — the " Lectures on the Physiology of 

 Plants," translated by Prof. Marshall Ward, and the " History of 

 Botany." Some idea of the amount of his work may be gained from 

 the size of the collected contributions to plant physiology, published 

 in 1892-3, which form a book of more than 1200 pages, large octavo. 

 The relation of temperature and light to the living plants, chlorophyll 

 and assimilation, the measurement of water through the tissues, and 

 the transport of food-material, are the very wide headings under which 

 his work in this branch is grouped. Besides his numerous papers in 

 the Botanische Zeitung, Flora, and many other German periodicals, 

 Sachs founded and edited the Arbeiten des Botanischen Instituts in 

 Wiirzburg, the first volume of which appeared in 1874, and the third 

 and last in 1888. They represent mainly his own work or that of his 

 pupils, many of whom have since become well known as investigators 

 and teachers. 



FLITZ MUELLEE 



Born 1822. Died May 21, 1897 



This eminent helminthologist, carcinologist, and field-naturalist died 

 last month at his residence in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. 

 His earliest contributions to science appeared in Wiegmann's Archiv 

 fur Naturgeschichte in 1844, and were written under the Christian 

 name of Friedrich. Later on he appeared as Fritz, again as Friedrich, 

 and in more recent publications as Frederico — a series of changes 

 which have confused not a few librarians. So far as his contributions 

 to periodical literature are concerned, the list in the Loyal Society's 

 catalogue is correct, and in the tenth volume of that work we read 

 that Midler's full name was Johann Friedrich Theodor Mliller. 

 The latter, no doubt, was information received from himself, but 

 Miiller does not mention this fact in a sketch of his life in his own 

 hand that lies before us. He was a voluminous and steady worker, 

 but his chief claim to remembrance is his book, "Fur Darwin," which 

 was a first-class contribution to the subject of Natural Selection, and 

 was translated into English as " Facts and Arguments for Darwin," 

 by the late W. S. Dallas. C. D. S. 



