1897] PRIMEVAL REFUSE HEAPS AT HASTINGS 97 



to have been mere ponies. The limb bones are split for marrow, 

 and two pieces are burnt, though none show traces of gnawing. 



Ovis aries (sheep). — All the bones of the sheep were found, and, 

 with two or three exceptions, they point to very small animals. 

 They were exceedingly numerous, about as much so as either pig or 

 ox. All the humeri are broken off short ; all the radii are split, as 

 are also some of the metacarpals and metatarsals. The bones of 

 this genus are extremely perplexing, as they differ both in detail 

 and proportions from any of the modern sheep with which I have 

 been able to compare them : nearly all of them belong to a small 

 long-legged variety, sometimes even approaching a small deer. One 

 or two bones point to an animal just as much the other way, being 

 altogether stouter than anything I am able to find. 



Capra hircus (goat). — There are a few bones and a fragment of a 

 skull with horn core, which Mr E. T. Newton has identified as goat. 



Caprcolus caprca (roebuck). — About the same number has been 

 referred to roe deer. 



Can is fci'iniliaris (dog). — Two tibiae represent a dog of very 

 large proportions, almost stout enough for wolf ; and some half 

 dozen other bones point to one of full medium size. 



Canis lupus (wolf). — One or two bones have been assigned to 

 the wolf. 



Fdis catus (cat). — There are some half dozen bones belonging to 

 this species which are of large size, and one tibia has lost its soft 

 end, although it shows no teeth marks. 



Canis vulpcs (fox). — Several bones unquestionably belong to the 

 fox. 



Lepus timidus and L. cuniculus (hare and rabbit). — Both of 

 these species are represented by few bones. The former was not 

 very large. 



Mcles taxus (badger). — This species is represented by an ulna ; 

 it agrees well with a fine specimen I have from the Thames Pleis- 

 tocene brick earth, although perhaps hardly so robust. 



Birds. — When we come to the birds, I regret to say that our 

 public museums are still so deficient in skeletons for comparison 

 that the determinations are not all quite so satisfactory as could be 

 wished. A larger series for comparison may add several species to 

 the list or perhaps otherwise alter it. Of course there is always the 

 difficulty of being able to say how much variation from the present 

 examples one ought to allow, and this can only be decided more 

 correctly when we have much more modern material in our museums. 

 Mr Newton has identified the following : — Black and red grouse, a 

 species of duck, guillemot and carrion crow. 



Fishes. — These include cod in very large quantities, gurnard, 

 mackerel, whiting, Coitus, turbot, plaice, and thornback (Raja). 



