Chap. VI. MOULD OVER THE CHALK. 301 



ings would cease to be ejected or would 

 become scanty. 



The following cases show that a consider- 

 able quantity of fine earth is washed down 

 The thickness of the mould was measured al 

 points 12 yards apart across a small valley 

 in the Chalk near Winchester. The sides 

 sloped gently at first ; then became inclined 

 at about 20 ; then more gently to near the 

 bottom, which transversely was almost level 

 and about 50 vards across. In the bottom, 

 the mean thickness of the mould from five 

 measurements was 8*3 inches; whilst on the 

 sides of the valley, where the inclination 

 varied between 14 and 20, its mean thick- 

 ness was rather less than 3*5 inches. As the 

 turf-covered bottom of the valley sloped at an 

 angle of only between 2 and 3, it is probable 

 that most of the 8'3-inch layer of mould had 

 been washed down from the flanks of the 

 valley, and not from the upper part. But as 

 a shepherd said that he had seen water flow- 

 ing in this valley after the sudden thawing of 

 snow, it is possible that some earth may have 

 been brought down from the upper part ; or, 

 on the other hand, that some may have been 



