ORDER 11 FOEAMINIFERA 25 



Saccammina Sars. (Fig. 8). Shell thick, with labyriiithiform interior ; 

 spherical, pear-shaped or fusiform, with tubular prolongations at one or both 

 ends ; sometimes united together in chains. Ordovician (Ayrshire), Devonian 

 (Canada), Carboniferous and Recent. Entire strata of Carboniferous rock 

 near Elfhills, Northumberland, are built up by S. carteri Brady. 



Large-sized species of Astrorhiza, Psammosphaera, Saccammina, Hyperammina, 

 and Pihahclammina are described by Hausler from the Upper Jurassic (Trans- 

 versarius beds) of Switzerland. 



Thurammina Brady. Test free, monothalamous, irregularly spheroidal, 

 usually with excrescences or sjiiny processes. Upper Jui'assic and Recent. 



Subfamily C. Hyperammininae. 



Test consisting of a globular proloculum- and a more or less elongated, some- 

 times branching portion, but not divided into chambers; free or attached wall 

 of various agglutinated materials. 



The genera Hyperammina, Saccorhiza, Tolypammina, Ammolagena, Jaculella 

 and Sagenina make up this subfamily. Some of these occur as fossils. 



Subfamily D. Ammodiscinae Cuslimaii. 



Test composed of a globular proloculum and long undivided tube, closely coiled, 

 either planospirally or in changing planes or to form a spiral test ; wall of fine 

 sand with much cement. 



Ammodiscus Reuss. Test free, composed of a proloculum and long 

 coiled tubular chamber. Carboniferous to Recent. 



Family 3. Lituolidae Brady. 



Test composed of a.gghdinated material for the most part ; consisting of two or 

 more chambers ; arranged in a linear, coiled or irregular series ; apertures usually 

 one to each chamber, but sometimes more. 



The tests included in. this family all have the wall composed of ag- 

 glutinated material with a varying amount of cement in the different genera. 

 Throughout the family as here used the tests are composed of two or more 

 chambers and a definite proloculum is apparent. Usually the tests are 

 composed of a series of chambers. 



Subfamily A. Aschemonellinae Ciishman. 



Test composed of agglutinated material, divided irregularly into chambers toifhout 

 a definite plan of arrangement. 



Subfamily B. Reophacinae Cushman. 



Test of agglutinated material, sand grains, sponge spicules, etc., with a varying 

 amount of cement, chambers in a linear series, aperture single at the distal end of 

 the last -formed chamber. 



lleophax Montfort. Test free, composed of a lineal series of chambers, 



