ORDER II FORAMINIFERA 33 



arranged in a depressed spire, subsequently becoming cyclical. Lias to 

 Recent. Various subgenera, named by d'Orbigny Tnmcatulina, Anomalina, 

 Planulina, etc., are based upon slight modifications in form. 



Rotalia Lam. (Fig. 20 A). Test finely perforated, with segments in turbinoid 

 spire. Septa composed of two slightly separated lamellae, with anastomosing 

 canals occupying the intermediate space. Base often thickened by supplemental 

 skeleton. (?) Silurian. Upper Jura to Eecent. 



Pulvimdina Parker and Jones (Fig. 20 B). 

 Rotaliform, but septa simple without being per- 

 forated by a canal system. Lower Lias to Recent. 



Endothjra Phill. (Fig. 20 C, D). Test cal- 

 careous, composed of an external coarsely per- 

 forated and an internal compact layer, the latter 

 finely granular ; segments numerous, coiled in 

 an irregular spiral, terminal chamber opening by yig. -n. 



several apertures. Abundant in Lower Carbon- caicarina mhntmpoides Lam. upper 

 iferous, and existing at the present day, ac- S'^tianT" (^""'^'"'^^'^^^ = Macstricht, 

 cording to Brady. 



Caicarina d'Orb. (Fig. 21). Test discoidal, with dissimilar upper and lower 

 surfaces ; chambers spirally coiled. Exterior encrusted with a supplemental 

 skeleton which fills up all depressions and forms spinous or spur-like processes 

 traversed by coarse .canals. Upper Cretaceous to Recent ■ very abundant in 

 Maestricht Chalk. 



Sulifjuuily C. TiNOPORlNAE Brady. 



Test of irregularly massed chambers, the early ones more or less distinctly spiral 

 in their arrangement, nsxially loithout a general aperture. 



Tinoporus Montf. Patellina Williamson. 



The Recent genera Carpenteria Gray, Eupertia Jones, etc., are distinguished 

 by their extremely irregular, coarsely perforated and usually adherent tests, 

 which sometimes attain considerable size and often contain agglutinated, 

 sandy or various other foreign particles. Thalamopora Roemer, occurring in 

 the Cretaceous, probably also belongs to this subfamily. 



Family 9. Nummulitidae. 



Test calcareous, finely tubulated, polythalamous, free, spiral, usually bilaterally 

 symmetrical. 



Subfamily A. Fusulininae Brady. 



Test fusiform or subglobular chambers extending from pole to pole, each convolu- 

 tion completely covering the preceding whorls. 



Schwagerina Moller. Test spherical, finely perforated. Primary and 

 secondary septa simple, thin, straight ; secondary chamberlets communicating 

 with the next following principal chamber by means of a basal aperture. 

 Abundant in Lower Carboniferous rocks of Japan, China, Sumatra, North 

 America and Russia. 



VOL. I D 



