206 



ECHINODERMATA— PELMATOZOA 



PHYLUM IV 



Fia. 

 Taxocrinns 



306. 

 interinndius 



W. and Sp., showing 

 tegnien, with ambulacra, 

 iirais and ojhmi moutli be- 

 tween them (after Wachs- 

 muth and Springer). 



Taxocrmus Phillips (Isocriims Phill., «o?i von Meyer; Cladocrinus Austin non 

 Ang. ; Euryalecrimis Austin). (Figs. 306, 307.) Like Eutaxocrimi^ but with 



primibrachs three. De- 

 vonian to summit of 



Lower Carboniferous ; 



England, Belgium and 



North America. 



P a r ichthy crinii s 



Springer. No RA. iBr 



few. IBr three. Rays 



closely abutting above 



iBr; arms interlocking 



and infolding distally. 



Has the habitus of 



Ichihyocrimis, but with 

 the tube-like anal series of the Taxocrinidae 

 well developed. Lower Carboniferous ; 

 Upper Burlington and Keokuk ; (?) Coal 

 Measures ; Mississippian area, North Amer- 

 ica. Type, Ichthyocrinus noUlis (W. and Sp.). 

 Onychocrinus Lyon and Cass. (Oligocrinus 

 Springer). Arms heterotomous. Rays 

 widely divergent, produced into ten large, 

 rounded main trunks, bearing ramules. No 

 Bj4. iBr few or numerous. IBr three to 

 six, or more. Lower Carboniferous (Lower 

 Burlington to Kaskaskia) ; Mississippian 

 area. North America. 



This is the culmination and most ex- 

 travagant development of the Taxocrinoid 

 type. AYith the exception of an imperfectly known species, probably of 

 this family, from the Lower Coal Measures, this and a depauperate species 

 of Taxocrinus are the last survivors of the Flexihilia. 



Fig. 307. 



Taxocr hills aAhtti White Perfect crown. 

 Lower Carboniferous ; Crawfordsville, Ind. 

 Usually known in collections as T. meclci, or 

 T. inultibrachiatus (F. Springer, original). 



Incertae sedis. 



Edriocrinus Hall. Superficially resembles Holopus, and its position is 

 doubtful. Has bi'oad branching arms, with shallow ventral groove, short 

 bi'achials, and no pinnules. No stem ; basals fused into a rounded conical 

 mass, attached by a flattened surface when young, free in the adult. Radials 

 five, with anal plate in same range. Lower Devonian (Heldei'bergian, 

 Oriskany) ; New York, Maryland, Tennessee. 



Caleidocrinus Waagen and Jahn. Probably an Inadunate Crinoid, with 

 anal side not differentiated in dorsal cup. Silurian ; Bohemia. 



Bhopalocrinus W. and Sp. Founded on a unique specimen described as 

 Taxocrinus gracilis Schultze, but does not belong to this group. It has a 

 strongly plated anal tube reaching to height of the arms, and might be 

 described as a dicyclic Synbathocrinoid, with some interbrachial plates. 

 Middle Devonian ; Eifel. 



