56 



COELENTERATA— POEIFERA 



PHYLUM II 



Caryosjmigia, Caiyospongia RaufF. Ordovician and Silurian ; Europe. 



Palaeomanon Roem. {AsUjlomanon EaufF). Like Astylospongia, but bowl- 

 shaped, with shallower and wider cloacal depression. Entire surface covered 

 with pores. Silurian ; North America. P. cmtera Roem. 



Caryomanon, Caiyomanon Rauff. Silurian ; North America. 



Hindia Duncan (Fig. blh). Body spherical, with perforate periphery, 

 traces of attachment wanting. All canals radiate from the centre outAvard. 

 Skeletal elements composed of three simple rays beset with prickly tubercles, 

 and a reduced button-like fourth arm. All spicules regularly disposed in rows 

 parallel with the radial canals. Silurian ; North America. 



Neohindia Schrammen. Upper Cretaceous ; Germany. 



Suborder 3. ANOMOCLADINA Zittel. 



(Didymmorina RaufF. ) 



Skeletal elements composed of short, smooth rays with spheriailly inflated ends 

 which give off three, four or more simple or digitate branches ; the latter are united 

 by zygosis with processes of adjacent rays ; axial canals simple. Dermal spicules 

 rod-shaped monaxons. Upper Silurian to Recent. 



Anomoclonella, Pycnopegma RaufF. Silurian ; North America. 

 Cylindrophyma Zittel (Fig. 58). Body cylindrical, thick- walled, attached ; 

 cloaca wide and tube-like, receiving numerous radial canals, and extending 



FlQ. 58. 



Cylindrophyma milleporata (Goldfuss). Upper White Jura ; Hoclistriiss. A, Two s])ocinieii.s, 1/2 natural size. 

 J}, Skeleton magnified 30 diameters. C, Detached skeletal element of Cylindrophyma, B^/j (after Raufl'). 



down as far as the base. External surface perforated by fine ostia. Common 

 in Upper Jurassic. 



Melonella Zittel. Skeleton apple-shaped or hemispherical, with broad base, 

 or provided with very short i)eduncle ; base covered with wrinkled siliceous 

 skin. Cloaca deep, funnel-shaped. Coarser canals arched, parallel with peri- 

 phery ; finer incurrent canals radially directed. Upper Jurassic. M. radiata 

 (Quenstedt). 



