64 



COELENTEEATA— PORIFERA 



PHYLUM II 



simple or branching. Canal - openings on both surfaces either round or 

 elliptical, and regularly distributed in vertical and horizontal rows. Canals 

 short, ending blindly. Jurassic, Cretaceous and Miocene. 



Sporadopyle Zitt. Cup- to funnel-shaped or conical, occasionally branching. 

 Canal -openings on the outer surface irregularly distributed, or arranged in 

 quincunx ; on the cloacal surface in vertical rows. Upper Jurassic. S. ohliqua 

 (Goldfuss). 



Sphenaulax Zittel, Ferrucocoelia Etallon. Jurassic. Polyosepia Schrammen. 

 Upper Cretaceous. 



Family 2. Ooscinoporidae Zittel. 



Cahjcoid, heaker-like, lohafe, branching or stellately convoluted sponges, ivifh thin 

 toalls perforated on both sides by numerous canal-openings arranged in alternating 



rows; canals short, ending 

 blindly. Framework com- 

 pact, with fine meshes; 

 dermal layer replaced by 

 thickening of the outermost 

 skeletal layer. Spicular 

 nodes solid, more rarely 

 p>erforate. Cretaceous. 



Leptophragma Zitt. 

 Beaker - shaped, with 

 root - like attachment. 

 AValls thin, covered on 

 both sides with small 

 canal-openings arranged 

 in alternating rows. 

 Mesh-work very closely 

 woven, spicular nodes 

 solid. Middle and 

 Upper Cretaceous. 



Pleurostoma Eoem. ; Guettardia Mich. ; Balantionella Schrammen. Cretaceous. 



Coscinopora Goldf. (Fig. 71). Beaker-like, Avith branching roots. Ostia 



small, round and in alternating rows. Skeletal elements in part with 



perforated intersection nodes". Root consisting of long siliceous fibres. Dermal 



layer formed by the thickening and fusion of outermost hexactins. Cretaceous. 





Coscinopora infiindiMMformis Golclf. Upper Cretaceous ; Coesfekl, West- 

 phalia, a, Complete specimen, i/o natural size ; h, Outer surface, natural 

 size ; c, Same, 3/j ; d, Skeleton of cup, 12/1 ; e. Skeleton of root, I'-^/j. 



Family 3. Staurodermidae Zittel. 



Turbinate, funnel-shaped or cylindrical, more rarely branching or in clumps. 

 Ostia and postica irregularly distributed, or in alternating rotvs. Skeletal frametvork 

 more or less regular; intersection nodes thick or octahedrally excavated. The 

 outer or both surfaces of the wall provided with large, stellate spicules (stauractins), 

 tohich differ from those of the rest of the skeleton, and are either but loosely cemented 

 together or are embedded in a continuous siliceous skin. Jurassic and Cretaceous. 



Cypellia Zitt. (Fig. 72). Top-shaped, bow-shaped or branching, without 

 root. Canals irregularly distributed, crooked, and branched. Lattice 

 skeleton with irregular meshes, intersection nodes perforated. Dermal layer 



