CLASS V CEPHALOPODA 583 



and culminates in the great increase of rachiglossate and toxoglossate families 

 in Tertiary and Recent times. (See tables, pp. 580, 581.) 



[The text for the preceding chapter on Gastropoda was revised for the first edition of 

 this work by Professor Henry A. I'ilsbry, of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 

 and is reprinted here with some slight changes at the hands of Drs. W. H. Dall and 

 R. S. Bassler.— Editor.] 



Class 5. CEPHALOPODA.! 



Head sharply defined in Recent forms, except Nautilus. Foot transformed into a 



^ Literature : Angdin, N. P., Fragnienta Silurica, edited by G. Lindstroni. Stockholm, 1880. 

 — Anthula, /.,}Uber die Kreidefossilien des Kaidcasus. Beitr. Pal. Osterreich - Ungarns, etc., 

 1899-1900, vol. xii. — Arthaber, G. von, Die Cephalopodenfanna der Keiflinger Kalke. Beitr. 

 Palaont. Geol. Osterreich - Ungarns, etc., 1896, vol. x. — Idem, Das Jiiugere Palaozoicum aiis der 

 Araxes-Enge bei Djulfa. Beitr. Pal. Geol. Osterreich-Ungarns, 1900, vol. xii. — Idem, Die Trias 

 von Albauien. Ibid., 1911, vol. xxiv. —Barrande, J., Systenie Sihirien de la BohGme, vol. ii., Cepha- 

 lopodes. Prague, 1867-77. — Bayle, E., and Zeiller, R., Explication de la carte geologique de France, 

 vol. iv., Atlas. Paris, 1878. — Beecher, O. E. On the Development of the Shell in Tornoceras. 

 Amer. Journ. Sci. [3], vol. xl., 1890. — Benecke, E. W., Lebensweise des Ammoniten. Abhandl. 

 Spezialkarte von Elsass-Lothriugeu, N. P., 1905, Heft vi. — Billings, E., Palaeozoic Fossils. Geol. 

 Surv. Canada, 1865. — Blake, J. F., Monograph of the British Fossil Cephalopoda, pt. i. London, 

 1882. — Buhm, G., Beitriige zur Geologic von Niederliindisch - Indien. Palaeontogr. , 1904-7, 

 Supplem. vol. iv. — Bonarelli,'G., Osservazioni sul Toarciauo d' Aleniano. Boll. Soc. Geol. Italiana, 

 vol. xii., 1893. — Boide, M., Lemoine P., and Thevenin, A., Cephalopodes cretaces des environs de 

 Diego-Suarez. Ann. de Palcontol., 1906-7, vol. i. — Branco, W., Beitriige zur Entwickelungsge- 

 schichte der fossilen CephalOpoden. Palaeontogr., Bd. xxvi., xxvii., 1880-81. — Broiun, A. P., On 

 the Young of Baculites compressus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1891-92. — Buck, L. von, 

 Uber Goniatiten, Clymenien, Ceratiten, etc. Abhandl. Berlin. Akad. 1830, 1838, 1818. — Buchnan, 

 S. S., Monograph of the Inferior Oolite Ammonites. Palaeont. Soc, 1887-1900. — Burckha^'dt, C, 

 Beitr. zur Kennt. Jura und Kreideformatiou der Kordilleren. Palaeontogr., 1903, vol. 1. — Idem, 

 La Faune jurassique de Mazapil. Boletin de I'lnst. geol. de Mexique. No. 23, 1906. 



Canavari, M., Sui fossili del Lias inferiore nell' Appenino centrale. Atti Soc. Toscano, vol. iv., 

 1879. — La Fauna degli strati con Aspidoceras acanthicuni di Monte Serra. Palaeont. Italica, vol. ii., 

 1897. — Glioffat, P., Recueil d'ctudes paleontologiques sur la faune cretacique du Portugal. Travaux 

 geol. du Portugal, 1886-1902. — Dacque, E., Beitriige zur Geol. de.s Somalilandes II. Ob. Jura. 

 Beitr. Pal. Geol. Osterreich-Ungarns, etc., 1905. vol. xvii. Dogger und Malm aus Ostafrika. Ibid., 

 1910, vol. xxiii. — Clarke, J. M., The Protoconch of Orthoceras. Amer. Geol., vol. xii., 1893. — Nanno, 

 a new Cephalopodan type. Ibid, xiv., 1894. — The Lower Silurian Cephalopoda of Minnesota. 

 Geol. Minn., vol. iii. pt. ii., Palaeont., 1897. — Conrad, T. A., Observations on the Silurian and 

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 Recent and Fossil Shells. Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. ii., 1866. — Leslongchamps, E., Memoire sur 

 les Teudopsides. Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. v., 1835. — Diener, C, Triadische Cephalopoden- 

 faunen der ostsibirischen Kiistenprovinz. Mem. Com. Geol. St. Petersb., vol. xiv. No. 3, 1895. 

 — Diener, C, Palaeont. Indica, Himalayan Fossils. The Cephalopoda of the Muschelkalk, 1895. 

 —The Cephalopoda of the Lower Trias, 1897.— The Fauna of the Himalayan Muschelkalk, 1907. 

 — Ladinic, C!arnic, and Noric Faunae of Spiti, 1908. — Fauna of the Tropites. — Limestone of 

 Byans, 1906. — Upper Triassic and Liassic Faunae of the Exotic Blocks of Malla-Johar, etc., 1908. 

 — Diener, C, and Krafft, A. v., Palaeontol. Indica, Lower Triassic Cephalopoda from Spiti, Malla- 

 Johar and Byans. Ibid., 1909, vol. vi. — Douville, H., Sur quelques fossiles de la zone a Ammonites 

 sowerbyi. Bull. Soc. Geol. France [3]. vol. xiii., 1884-85. — Sur la classification des Ceratites de 

 la Craie. Ibid., 1890, vol. xviii. — Etude sur les ammonites oxfordiennes de Villers-sur-mer. 

 Mem. Soc. Geol. France, Idl2.—Dwight, W. B., Recent Explorations in the Wappinger Valley 

 Limestone. Amer. Journ. Sci. [3], 1884, vol. xxvii. — Favre, F., Die Ammonitiden der unt. Kreide 

 Patagoniens. N. Jahrb. f. Min., 1908, Supplem. vol. xxv. 



Foord, A. H., Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum, pt. i., 1888 ; ii., 

 1891 ; iii. (Foord and Crick), 1897.— i^rec^, F., Lethaea Geognostica, I. Teil. Lethaea Palaeozoica, 

 Bd. ii. Lief. 1. Stuttgart, 1897.— Uber devonische Ammoneen. Beitr. Pal. und Geol. Osterreich- 

 Ungarns, etc., 1902, vol. xiv.— Neue Cephalopoden aus den Buchensteiner, Wengener, und Raibler 

 Schichten des siidlichen Bakony. Res. Wiss. Erf. Balatonsees, 1903, vol. i. — Fucini, A., La Fauna 

 del Lias medio del Monte Calvi. Palaeont. Italica, vol. ii., 1897.— Ammoniti del Lias medio 

 deir Appenino centrale. Pal. Ital., 1899, vol. v.— Cephalopodi liassici del Monte di Cetona. Ibid., 

 1901, vol. \\\.—Gabb, W. M., and Meek, F. B., Geol. »iirv. California. Palaeontology, vols, i., ii., 

 186i~69.—Gemmellaro, G. G., La Fauna del calcari con Fusulina. Palermo, 1887-89.— I Cefalopodi 



