800 



ARTHROPODA 



PHYLUM VII 



as indicated liy tlae structure of its legs, proljably lived on the surface of tlie water 

 as do modern Gerridae. True terrestrial Phasmoidea occur rarely in Baltic amber 

 and in tlie Miocene lake beds of Florissant, Colorado. An example from the latter 

 locality is Agathemera reclusa Scudder. 



Order 7. DBRMAPTERA De Geer. (Ear- wigs, etc.) 



Flat-hodied running Insects ivith prognathous, orthopteroid mouth parts ; antennae 

 sim])k, consisting of from ten to thirty segments. Fore ivings, when present, very feebly 



developed, and forming short, coriaceous tegmina. 

 Hind wings longitudinally and transversely plicated in 

 a complex fashion, consisting almost wliolly of the 

 highly specialised anal lobe. Legs similar, with three- 

 jointed tarsi ; cerci chelate. 



This is a specialised order, which makes its first 

 appearance in the Tertiary of Europe and North 

 America. Labiduromma Scudder (Fig. 1543) is repre- 

 sented in the freshwater Miocene of Florissant, Colo- 

 rado, by about a dozen species. Forficula Linn, 

 ranges from the Eocene to Recent. 



Fig. 1o43. 



Lahiduromma exsnlatum Scudder. 

 Miocene lake beds ; Florissant, Colo- 

 rado. "Ji (after Scudder). 



Order 8. DIPLOGLOSSATA de Saussure. 



Includes the apterous, parasitical family Hemime- 

 ridae, living in Africa, unknown in the fossil state. 



Order 9. THYSANOPTBRA Haliday. (Physopoda auct.). 



Small terrestrial Insects with asymmetrical, hypognathous, suctorial movtJi. ptO'^i'ts, 

 short antennae, slender wings which are fringed when present, hit are often rudimentary 

 or wanting. Legs similar, tarsi ivith one or tivo joints, termi- 

 nated by a vesicular structure ; cerci reduced ; genital appendages 

 of the female forming a terebra. 



Several genera occur in the Oligocene and Miocene of 

 Europe, and three in the Green River beds (Middle Eocene) 

 along the White River in western Colorado. Thrips Linn. ; 

 and Palaeothrips Scudder (Fig. 1544) are examples. 



Fifi. 1544. 



t Order 10. PROTOBLATTOIDEA Handlirsch. iWaco<;mi,«/ossiZisScuddeT. 



' Green River beds (Eocene) ; 



., ,, . Utah. r2/j (after Scudder). 



Insects usually attaining considerable size. Head not con- 

 cealed beneath the prothorax, with orthopteroid mouth parts, and simple, numerously 

 jointed antennae. Fore wings usually with multifurcate principal veins and numerous 

 cross-veins ; subcosta well marked ; anal area distinctly limited by a. furrow, anal veins 

 mostly recurved. Hind wings ivith a distinct, enlarged, and folded anal lobe. Wings 

 capable of being folded over the abdomen, and the forward pair overlapping the hinder. 

 Legs non-saltatorial, the first pair sometimes robust and raptorial. Abdomen rarely 

 slender, generally more or less flattened ; cerci distinct ; female sometimes with a short 

 ovipositor. 



This is an exclusively Paleozoic order, intermediate in jxisitiun lietween the 



