SUBPHYLUM III 



INSECTA 



803 



Illustrations of the tegniina of typical Paleozoic cockroaches are shown in 

 Figs. 1547 and 1548. Among North American examples may be mentioned 

 Adeloblatta (Fig. 1549) and Asevwhlatta (Fig. 1547) Hand- 

 lirsch, both from the Coal Measures of Illinois ; Phyloblatta 

 and Bradyblatta Handlirsch, from the Permian of "West 

 Virginia ; Etohlattina and Sinlohlattina Scudder, from the 

 Carboniferous and Permian respectively. 



Order 12. MANTOIDBA Handlirsch. 



(Soothsayers or Praying Insects). 



Head exsarted- hut deflexed, nut covered by the protliorax, 

 lohich is elongate and variously formed, but never disk-like. 

 Mouth parts and antennae as in the Blattoidea. First pair 

 of leys largely develofed, raptorial, the coxae elongate and 

 free ; second and third fair of legs simple and similar ; the 

 tarsi five-jointed, without a pad between the claws ; a pair of 

 jointed cerci near the extremity of the body. Tegmina less 

 highly specialised than in the Blattoidea, subcosta well de- 

 veloped, anal area not so distinct. 



(Scud.). Coal Measures ; Mazon 



The earliest members of this order are the extinct Creek, Illinois. 2/j (after 



Palaeomantidae from the Upper Permian of Russia. Higher 



types, such as the extinct Haglidae and Geinitziidae, appear in tlie Lower and Upper 



Lias respectively, of England and Germany. The latter family contains the single 



genus Geinitzia Handlirsch (Fig. 1550), represented by three 



species. Comparatively few Tertiary forms are known, but 



in the modern fauna the Mantidae are an extensive family, 



showing extreme variety in the shape of the body, and 



characterised by the very remarkable front legs. 



I » 



Fig. 154'J. 

 A de.lohlatta columhiana 



SC. 2- 



CUy 



Fig. 1550. 



Geinitzia schlieffeni (Gein.). Upper Lias ; Dobbertin in 

 Mecklenburg, o/o (after HainUirsch). 



Fig. 1551. 



I'arotermes insignis Scudder 

 Miocene lake beds ; Florissant, 

 Colorado, ^/j. 



Order 13. ISOPTERA BruUe. (Termites or White Ants). 



Social terrestrial Insects. Head not concealed, with orthopteroid mouth parts, and 

 simple antennae consisting of from nine to thirty-one joints. Wing pairs elongate and 

 similar, anal area reduced, and, owing to a suture near the base of the luings, the 

 latter are deciduous. Legs similar, the body terminated by a pair of short cerci, 

 ovipositor concealed. Wingless individuals {workers, or sexually reduced males and 

 females) are polymorphous. 



True Termites or White Ants appear first in the Eocene, and are represented in 

 Tertiary formations by about forty species. In the modern fauna upwards of 350 



