SUBPHYLUM III 



INSECTA 



805 



highly specialised parasitical group of Coleoptera. In North America, the division of 

 tlie Khynchophora is represented in the Cretaceous of Greenland by two genera 

 {Archiorhynchus Heer and Gurcidiojms Hand!.), and much more abundantly in the 



Fio. 1.554. 



Cyphon vetustus 

 Giebel. Purbeck ; 

 Vale of Wardour, 

 England. 6/1 (after 

 Brodie). 



Cerylonopsls slriatii 

 (Brodie). Purbeck ; 

 Vale of Wardour, 



England. 

 Brodie). 



8/1 (after 





Fig. 1556. 



Paltorhyiichus rectirostris 

 Soudder. Miocene lake beds ; 

 Florissant, Colorado, s/i- 



Fig. 1557. 



Apion refrenatum Scudder. 

 Miocene lake beds ; Floris- 

 sant, Colorado. 12/j. 



freshwater Miocene of Florissant, Colorado. The divisions Heteromera, Phytophaga, 

 Laniellicornia, Serricornia, Clavicornia and Adephaga are also fairly well represented 

 at the latter locality. Two English and two American species are shown in Figs. 

 1554-1557. 



Order 18. HYMBNOPTERA Linnaeus.^ (Ants, Bees, Wasps, etc.). 



Terrestrial Insects with a free head having ivell-developed mandibles ; the first and 

 second maxillae are often elongated, and form in the higher groups a tubular proboscis 

 adapted for sucJdng. Antennae generally long and multiarticulate. Thorax and first 

 abdominal segments fused, the rest of the abdomen generally well separated hy a con- 

 striction. Legs usually homonomous, with five-jointed tarsi ; cerci not distinct ; genital 



Fig. 1558. 



Atocus defessus Scudder. Miocene lake 

 beds ; Florissant, Colorado. 2/^. 



Fto. 1559 



Pseudosirejo schroeteri Germ. Litho- 

 graphic Stone ; Solenhofen, Bavaria. Vl 

 (after Oppenheim). 



appendages of the female forming either a more or less pronounced terebra or a sting. 

 Four wings of membranous consistency and a reduced number of veins ; the front pair 

 larger than the hind, which are always smaller and rarely fold up in repose. Wingless 

 forms frequent. 



The earliest members of this order are of Jurassic age, and it is probable that some 



^ Mayr, G., Die Ameisen ties baltischen Bernsteius, Schriften der phys.-okon. Ge.s. Konigs- 

 berg, 1868. — Mem, Studien iilier die Radoboj-Formiciden. Jalirb. geol. Reichsaiist. Wien, 1868, 

 vol^ x\ii. — Wheeler, IV. M., Ants. New York, 1910. 



