814 



ARTHROPODA 



PHYLUM VII 



Tertiary of Europe and Nortli America. Representatives of the families Meropidae 

 and t Eobanksiidae, tlie latter typified by EobanJcsia Cockerell, are also known from 

 the Florissant lake beds. About 100 Recent species of Scorpion-flies are known. 



Order 33. TRICHOPTERA Kirby (Phryganoidea Stephens). 



Moderate-sized, water-frequenting Insects with long, multiarticiUate antennae v.nd 

 reduced or obsolete mandibles, but well-developed maxillae. Wings membranous, unequal, 

 more or less clothed ivith hair, nervures dividing at very acute angles; the front p)air 

 ivith longitudinal veins moderately branched, very few cross-veins, specialised anal area, 



and often a pterostigma ; the liind pair generally 

 ivith an enlarged and plicated anal lobe. Pro- 

 thorax small, legs similar, with five-jointed tarsi 

 and prominent spu,rs ; cerci reduced, terebra 

 wanting. Larvae aquatic, with well - developed 

 mandibles, and as a rule providing themselves with 

 Cij;-^ cases or tubes formed of extraneous matter. 



FK'- 1570. Some half - dozen genera comprising fifteen 



Nccrotauiius iiitermedhis HaiuU. Upper species of primitive Caddis-flies are known from 



Lias ; Dobbertin m Mecklenburg. «/i (alter \ . '■ i i ■ , 



Handlirsdi). Mesozoic rocks, most 01 them belonging to the 



extinct family Necrotauliidae. Necrotaulius 



Handl. (Fig. 1576); and Trichopteridium Geinitz are examples from the Upper Lias 



of Germany. About 1400 Recent and 200 Tertiary species have been recorded, 



of which 24 occur in the Miocene lake beds of Florissant, Colorado. At this 



locality remains in the imago state are extremely abundant, and many such remains 



have been found in Europe. On the other hand, the so-called indusial limestone 



of Auvergne, which is from two to three metres thick over a wide area, is largely 



composed of the cases of Phryganoid larvae. Similar masses of tubes occur also in 



the Green River Eocene of Wyoming. 



Order 34. LEPIDOPTERA Linnaeus. (Butterflies and Moths). 



Terrestrial Insects with suctorial mouth pjarts, in wltich tlie mandibles are almost 

 invariably reduced and the first maxillae are either small or, in higher forms, frolonged 

 in a spirally coiled proboscis; antennae multi- 

 articulate and of various shapes. Fore and hind 

 loings unequal in size, membranous and densely 

 covered with scales ; the hind pair shorter and 

 ■usually ivithout enlarged anal area. Longitu- 

 dinal veins giving off but a limited number of 

 straight branches, and with very few cross-veins. 





Fid. 1577. 



rhratjtiuUoecites dumesi Oppeiih. Middle Jura ; 

 Siberia, ^/g (after Oppeiiheiin). 



Fig. 15TS. 



Eocimda lameeri Handl. Lltliograpliie 

 Stone (Ujiper Jura) ; Soleuhofen, Bavaiia. 

 An Upper Jurassic Lepidopterid, the antennae 

 and ocelli restored, -i/y (after Haudlirsch), 



