SUBPHYLUM III 



INSECTA 



815 



Tliorax much abbreviated., legs simiilar, with sjntrs ; no cerci or terebra. Larvae with 

 mandibles, thoracic and abdominal legs. 



The earliest undoubted traces of Lepidoptera are found in Jurassic strata of 

 England, Spain, Bavaria and Siberia, and comj)rise a nuiulier of genera belonging to 

 the family Palaeontinidae. Phragmatoe- » 



-v^ 



cites (Fig. 1577), Eocicada (Fig. 1578), and 

 Prolystra Oppenheim are examj^les, these 

 forms being somewhat distantly allied to 

 the non-suctorial Limacodidae of our own 

 day. Several modern families make their 

 appearance in the Tertiary, but are repre- 

 sented by relatively few species. The 

 total number of Tertiary species is not 

 over 85, as against some 60,000 Recent 

 l)utterflies and moths. Among North 

 American examj^les may be mentioned the 

 following from the Miocene lake beds of 

 Florissant, Colorado, all described by 

 Scudder : Prodryas ]^)ersei)hone (Pig. 1579), 

 Barbarothea florissanti (Fig. 1580), Jwpiteria charon, Lithodryas styx, Nymphalitcs 

 obsctirics, Prolibythea vagabunda, Psecadia mortuella, and Stolopsyche libytheoides. 

 From the same locality Cockerell has described Chlorippe wilmattae and some other 

 species, including a wel^-preserved larval form knoMU as Phylledestes vorax. 



Pig. 1579. 



rrodryus persejihone Scudder. jrioceue lake beds 

 Florissant, Colorado, i/i (after Scudder). 



Order 35. DIPTERA Linnaeus. (Flies). 



Terrestrial or uiujjhibious Insects with highly specialised suctorial month parts. 

 Antennae either long and multiarticulate, or consisting of a limited number of similar 

 or dissimilar joints. Only the fore wings are prominent ; these are usually icell developed, 



membranous, highly specialised, narrow, with 

 ■' - few cross -veins, and longitudinal veins 



.sparingly branched. Hind wings always 

 , . .;!w>_ni . „,;j^ reduced to clubbed filaments, the so-called 



Fig. 1580. 



TUirUanitbea florissanti Scudder. 

 Miocene lake beds ; Florissant, Colo- 

 rado. Vl (alter Sinidder). 



CL CU 



Fici. 1581. 



Architijmla seebacMana Handl. Uiiper 

 Lias ; Dobbertiii in Mecklenburg. 6/2 (after 

 Ilandlirsch). 



" haltercs." Thorax much abbreviated, legs generally homonomous, with five-jointed tarsi ; 

 abdomen ivithout terebra or visible cerci. 



Upwards of 44,000 Recent and 1550 Tertiary species are known, 125 of the 

 latter being North American. The earliest Flies are found in the Upper Lias, and 

 comprise about 30 species, nearly all of which belong to the suborder Orthorrapha 

 of Brauer. They are grouped in the following named families : Protorhyphidae, 

 Mycetophylidae, Bilnonidae, Psychodidae, Eoptychopteridae, Architipulidae (typified 

 by the genus Architipula Handl.) (Fig. 1581), Tipulidae and Rhypliidae. In the 



