abstracts: zoology 99 



cord. The values of these products from the heartwood of chestnut, 

 red gum, tupelo (slabs), and southern and northern oak are less than 

 this amount by $3.78, $1.14, $1.03, $1.30, and $0.54, respectively. 

 From hickory (factory waste) the products are $1.55 greater in value. 

 Since the average price paid for wood used in distillation is only about 

 $3.50 per cord, the use of chestnut for this purpose is out of the question. 

 Oak, tupelo, and red gum, under favorable conditions of supply and 

 cost, might be used profital)ly, while hickory should command a very 



good price. 



FiNDLEY Burns. 



ZOOLOGY. — The Atlantic Ocean biologically an inland sea. Austin H. 

 Clark. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und 

 Hydrographie, Suppl. z., 6; 1-18. 1914. 



An inland sea is defined in biological terms, and the faunal difference 

 between an inland sea and a true ocean is explained. A list is given of 

 all the genera of recent crinoids found in the Atlantic with their geo- 

 graphical ranges, together with a list of the corresponding Indo-Pacific 

 genera also with their geographical ranges. 



There are no Atlantic genera which are not represented in the Indo- 

 Pacific basin, or as fossils about the shores of that basin. But in addi- 

 tion to representatives of all the Atlantic genera there are in the Indo- 

 Pacific basin fifty additional genera, and nine families, which do not 

 occur elsewhere. Thus since it possesses no genera which are not de- 

 rivatives from Indo-Pacific types, and none of the more specialized Indo- 

 Pacific types, the Atlantic fauna is in effect the fauna of an inland sea 

 tributary to the Indo-Pacific. The geographical and thermal distri- 

 bution of the crinoids found in the Atlantic point to four different paths 

 of migration from the Indo-Pacific, which are explained in detail. The 

 greater antiquity of the Caribbean fauna as compared with the Medi- 

 terranean and the east European fauna is pointed out, and its signifi- 

 cance indicated. 



' A. H. C. 



> 



ZOOLOGY. — The porpoise in captivity. Chas. Haskins Townsend. 



Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological 



Society, 1: 1-22, figs. 1-14. May, 1914. 

 This is an account of the first successful attempt to keep the porpoise 

 in captivity for any considerable length of time, five individuals having 

 lived in the New York Aquarium seven months. The species obtained 



