40 THE DESCENT OF MAN. Part I. 



and timidity are extremely variable qualities in the 

 individuals of the same species, as is plainly seen in 

 our dogs. Some dogs and horses are ill-tempered and 

 easily turn sulky ; others are good-tempered ; and 

 these qualities are certainly inherited. Every one 

 knows how liable animals are to furious rage, and how 

 plainly they show it. Many anecdotes, probably true, 

 have been published on the long-delayed and artful 

 revenge of various animals. The accurate Kengger and 

 Brehm 7 state that the American and African monkeys 

 which they kept tame, certainly revenged themselves. 

 The love of a dog for his master is notorious ; in the 

 agony of death he has been known to caress his master, 

 and every one has heard of the dog suffering under 

 vivisection, who licked the hand of the operator ; this 

 man, unless he had a heart of stone, must have felt 

 remorse to the last hour of his life. As Whewell 8 has 

 remarked, "who that reads the touching instances of 

 " maternal affection, related so often of the women of 

 •' all nations, and of the females of all animals, can 

 " doubt that the principle of action is the same in the 

 " two cases ? " 



We see maternal affection exhibited in the most 

 trifling details ; thus Kengger observed an American 

 monkey (a Cebus) carefully driving away the flies which 

 plagued her infant ; and Duvaucel saw a Hylobates 

 washing the faces of her young ones in a stream. So 

 intense is the grief of female monkeys for the loss of 

 their young, that it invariably caused the death of cer- 

 tain kinds kept under confinement by Brehm in N. 



~> All the following statements, given on tlie authority of these two 

 naturalists, are taken from Kengger's ' Naturges. der Saugethiere 

 von Paraguay,' 1830, s. 41 -57, and from Brehm's ' Thierleben,' B. i. 

 s. 10-87. ' 



8 ' Bridgewater Treatise,' p. 263. 



