42 THE DESCENT OF MAN. Part I. 



how jealous a dog is of his master's affection, if lavished 

 on any other creature ; and I have observed the same fact 

 with monkeys. This shews that animals not only love, 

 but have the desire to be loved. Animals manifestly 

 feel emulation. They love approbation or praise ; and 

 a clog carrying a basket for his master exhibits in a high 

 degree self-complacency or pride. There can, I think, 

 be no doubt that a dog feels shame, as distinct from 

 fear, and something very like modesty when begging 

 too often for food. A great dog scorns the snarling of 

 a little dog, and this may be called magnanimity. 

 Several observers have stated that monkeys certainly 

 dislike being laughed at; and they sometimes invent 

 imaginary offences. In the Zoological Gardens I saw a 

 baboon who always got into a furious rage when his 

 keeper took out a letter or book and read it aloud to 

 him ; and his rage was so violent that, as I witnessed on 

 one occasion, he bit his own leg till the blood flowed. 



We will now turn to the more intellectual emotions 

 and faculties, which are very important, as forming the 

 basis for the development of the higher mental powers. 

 Animals manifestly enjoy excitement and suffer from 

 ennui, as may be seen with dogs, and, according to 

 Rengger, with monkeys. All animals feel Wonder, 

 and many exhibit Curiosity. They sometimes suffer 

 from this latter quality, as when the hunter plays antics 

 and thus attracts them ; I have witnessed this with 

 deer, and so it is with the wary chamois, and with some 

 kinds of wild-ducks. Brehm gives a curious account of 

 the instinctive dread which his monkeys exhibited 

 towards snakes ; but their curiosity was so great that 

 they could not desist from occasionally satiating their 

 horror in a most human fashion, by lifting up the lid 

 of the box in which the snakes were kept. I was so 

 much surprised at his account, that I took a stuffed and 



