Chap. IV. MANNER OF DEVELOPMENT. 119 



in the skulls of the American aborigines, and connects 

 this fact with their remarkably acute power of smell. 

 The Mongolians of the plains of Northern Asia, according 

 to Pallas, have wonderfully perfect senses ; and Prichard 

 believes that the great breadth of their skulls across 

 the zygomas follows from their highly-developed sense- 

 organs. 30 



The Quechua Indians inhabit the lofty plateaux of 

 Peru, and Alcide d'Orbismv states 31 that from con- 

 tinually breathing a highly rarefied atmosphere they 

 have acquired chests and lungs of extraordinary dimen- 

 sions. The cells, also, of the lungs are larger and more 

 numerous than in Europeans. These observations 

 have been doubted ; but Mr. D. Forbes carefully 

 measured many Aymaras, an allied race, living at the 

 height of between ten and fifteen thousand feet ; and 

 he informs me 32 that they differ conspicuously from the 

 men of all other races seen by him, in the circum- 

 ference and length of their bodies. In his table of 

 measurements, the stature of each man is taken at 

 1000, and the other measurements are reduced to this 

 standard. It is here seen that the extended arms 

 of the Aymaras are shorter than those of Europeans, 

 and much shorter than those of Negroes. The legs are 

 likewise shorter, and they present this remarkable pecu- 

 liarity, that in every Aymara measured the femur is 

 actually shorter than the tibia. On an average the 

 length of the femur to that of the tibia is as 211 to 

 252 ; whilst in two Europeans measured at the same 



30 Prichard, 'Phys. Hist, of Mankind,' on the authority of Blurnen- 

 bach, vol. i. 1851, p. 311 ; for the statement by Pallas, vol. iv. 1844, p. 

 407. 



31 Quoted by Prichard, ' Eesearches into the Phys. Hist, of Man- 

 kind,' vol. v. p. 463. 



32 Mr. Forbes' valuable paper is now published in the ' Journal of 

 the Ethnological Soc. of London,' new series, vol. ii. 1870, p. 193. 



