Chap. IV. MANNER OF DEVELOPMENT. 127 



The males alone of the anthropomorphous apes have 

 their canines fully developed ; but in the female gorilla, 

 and in a less degree in the female orang, these teeth 

 project considerably beyond the others; therefore the 

 fact that women sometimes have, as I have been assured, 

 considerably projecting canines, is no serious objection 

 to the belief that their occasional great development in 

 man is a case of reversion to an ape-like progenitor. 

 He who rejects with scorn the belief that the shape of 

 his own canines, and their occasional great development 

 in other men, are due to our early progenitors having 

 been provided with these formidable weapons, will pro- 

 bably reveal by sneering the line of his descent. For 

 though he no longer intends, nor has the power, to use 

 these teeth as weapons, he will unconsciously retract his 

 " snarling muscles ,!l (thus named by Sir C. Bell) 43 so as 

 to expose them readv for action, like a dog prepared to 

 fight. 



Many muscles are occasionally developed in man, 

 which are proper to the Quadrumana or other mam- 

 mals. Professor Vlacovich 44 examined fortv male sub- 

 jects, and found a muscle, called by him the ischio- 

 pubic, in nineteen of them ; in three others there was 

 a ligament which represented this muscle ; and in the 

 remaining eighteen no trace of it. Out of thirty female 

 subjects this muscle was developed on both sides in only 

 two, but in three others the rudimentary ligament was 

 present. This muscle, therefore, appears to be much 

 more common in the male than in the female sex ; and 

 on the principle of the descent of mairfrom some lower 

 form, its presence can be understood ; for it has been 

 detected in several of the lower animals, and in all of 



43 I 



The Anatomy of Expression,' 1844, p. 110, 131. 

 44 Quoted by Prof. Canestrini iu the ' Annuario,' &e., 1 SG7, p. 90. 



