Chap. IV. MANNEK OF DEVELOPMENT. 137 



other highly organised form ; and all others have 

 yielded before him. He manifestly owes this immense 

 superiority to his intellectual faculties, his social habits, 

 which lead him to aid and defend his fellows, and to 

 his corporeal structure. The supreme importance of 

 these characters has been proved by the final arbitra- 

 ment of the battle for life. Through his powers of in- 

 tellect, articulate language has been evolved; and on 

 this his wonderful advancement has mainly depended. 

 He has invented and is able to use various weapons, 

 tools, traps, &c, with which he defends himself, kills or 

 catches prey, and otherwise obtains food. He has made 

 rafts or canoes on which to fish or cross over to neigh- 

 bouring fertile islands. He has discovered the art of 

 making fire, by which hard and stringy roots can be 

 rendered digestible, and poisonous roots or herbs in- 

 nocuous. This last discovery, probably the greatest, 

 excepting language, ever made by man, dates from 

 before the dawn of history. These several inventions, 

 by which man in the rudest state has become so pre- 

 eminent, are the direct result of the development of 

 his powers of observation, memory, curiosity, imagina- 

 tion, and reason. I cannot, therefore, understand how 

 it is that Mr. Wallace 59 maintains, that " natural selec- 



59 ' Quarterly Review,' April, 18G9, p. 392. This subject is more 

 fully discussed in Mr. Wallace's ' Contributions to the Theory of Natural 

 Selection,' 1870, in which all the essays referred to in this work are 

 republished. The ' Essay on Man ' has been ably criticised by Prof. 

 Claparede, one of the most distinguished zoologists in Europe, in an 

 article published in the ' Bibliotheque Universelle,' June, 1S70. The 

 remark quoted in my text will surprise every one who has read 

 Mr. Wallace's celebrated paper on 'The Origin of Human Paces 

 deduced from the Theory of Natural Selection,' originally publishec 

 in the ' Anthropological Review,' May, 1864, p. clviii. I cannot h#re^ 

 resist quoting a most just remark by Sir J. Lubbock (' Prehis^*^ O 

 Times,' 1865, p. 479) in reference to this paper, namely, thay-ifc\x ^j^i 

 Wallace, "with characteristic unselfishness, ascribes it (i.e. the iilb&or 



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