Chap. VI. AFFINITIES AND GENEALOGY. 197 



ence of this sub-group, and no doubt it is a broken 

 one ; tbus the orang, as Mr. St. G, Mivart remarks, 12 

 " is one of the most peculiar and aberrant forms to be 

 " found in the Order." The remaining, non-anthropo- 

 morphous, Old World monkeys, are again divided by 

 some naturalists into two or three smaller sub-groups ; 

 the genus Semnopithecus, with its peculiar sacculated 

 stomach, being the type of one such sub-group. But 

 it appears from M. Gaudry's wonderful discoveries in 

 Attica, that during the Miocene period a form existed 

 there, which connected Semnopithecus and Macacus; 

 and this probably illustrates the manner in which the 

 other and higher groups were once blended together. 



If the anthropomorphous apes be admitted to form 

 •a natural sub-group, then as man agrees with them, 

 not only in all those characters which he possesses in 

 common with the whole Catarhine group, but in other 

 peculiar characters, such as the absence of a tail and 

 of callosities and in general appearance, we may infer 

 that some ancient member of the anthropomorphous 

 sub-group gave birth to man. It is not probable 

 that a member of one of the other lower sub-groups 

 should, through the law of analogous variation, have 

 given rise to a man-like creature, resembling the higher 

 anthropomorphous apes in so many respects. No 

 doubt man, in comparison with most of his allies, has 

 undergone an extraordinary amount of modification, 

 chiefly in consequence of his greatly developed brain 

 and erect position ; nevertheless we should bear in 

 mind that he " is but one of several- exceptional forms 

 " of Primates." 13 



Every naturalist, who believes in the principle of 



12 < Transact. Zoolog. Soc.' vol. vi. 1867, p. 214. 



13 Mr. St. G. Mivart, ' Transact. Phil. Soc' 18G7, p. 410. 



