216 THE DESCENT OF MAN. Part I. 



than would at first be supposed. This is well shewn by 

 the French photographs in the Collection Anthropolo- 

 gique du Museum of the men belonging to various 

 races, the greater number of which, as many persons 

 to whom I have shown them have remarked, mioht 

 pass for Europeans. Nevertheless, these men if seen 

 alive would undoubtedly appear very distinct, so that 

 we are clearly much influenced in our judgment by 

 the mere colour of the skin and hair, by slight differ- 

 ences in the features, and by expression. 



There is, however, no doubt that the various races, 

 when carefully compared and measured, differ much 

 from each other, — as in the texture of the hair, the 

 relative proportions of all parts of the body, 2 the capa- 

 city of the lungs, the form and capacity of the skull, 

 and even in the convolutions of the brain. 3 But it 

 would be an endless task to specify the numerous points 

 of structural difference. The races differ also in con- 

 stitution, in acclimatisation, and in liability to certain 

 diseases. Their mental characteristics are likewise very 

 distinct ; chiefly as it would appear in their emotional, 

 but partly in their intellectual, faculties. Every one 

 who has had the opportunity of comparison, must have 

 been struck with the contrast between the taciturn, 

 even morose, aborigines of S. America and the light- 

 hearted, talkative negroes. There is a nearly similar 

 contrast between the Malays and the Papuans, 4 who live 



2 A vast number of measurements of Whites, Blacks, and Indians, are 

 given in the ' Investigations in the Military and Anthropolog. Statistics 

 of American Soldiers,' by B. A. Gould, 1869, p. 298-358 ; on the 

 capacity of the lungs, p. 471. See also the numerous and valuable 

 tables, by Dr. Weisbach, from the observations of Dr. Scherzer and 

 Dr. Schwarz, in the 'Beise der Novara: Anthropolog. Theil,' 1867. 



* See, for instance, Mr. Marshall's account of the brain of a Bush- 

 woman, in ' Bhil. Transact.' 1861, p. 519. 



4 Wallace, ' The Malay Archipelago,' vol. ii. 1869, p. 178. 



