FAMILY ELEPHANTID^E. 99 



M. jeffersonii (Cuvier, Oss. Foss. Ed. tertia, p. 160. Cooper, Ann. Lye. Vol. 3, p. 166; Am. Month. 

 Mag. Vol. 1, p. 157. — M. laqueatus. Harlan, Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. 6, p. 269 ; Med. and Phys. Res. 

 p. 271, 319 et. seq.) About the size of an ox. The teeth, as far as they have been examined, seem 

 to present some striking differences; and Dr. Harlan seems disposed to consider some of them as 

 indicating the type of a new genus, which he terms Pleurodon. 



The remains of this animal have been found in Bigbone Cave, Tennessee ; at Bigbone Lick, Boone 

 county, Kentucky ; in a cave in Greenbriar county, Virginia ; and at White Cave, Edmondson 

 county, Kentucky. They have also been discovered in the banks of the Rio Brazos, a few miles 

 above St. Felipe, Texas, associated with the bones of the Mastodon; and according to Martius and 

 Spix, in a cave in Brazil. The fullest and best account of its osteology will be found in the work 

 of Harlan, cited above. 



ORDER VI. UNGULATA. 



Comprises numerous herbivorous animals, exhibiting great variety in size and structure, but 

 all united by one common character, viz : Tlie toes covered by a horny case or hoof, which 

 either embraces the toes separately, or the foot is enclosed in a single hoof. In some the 

 muzzle is elongated into a cylindrical tube ; in others, the head is furnished with simple 

 or branched horns, tvhich are sometimes only sexual distinctions. 



First Tribe. Pachydermata. 



Generally three sorts of teeth. Stomach simple or compound, but not adapted for rumination. 

 No horns on the head. Many of the species extinct. 



FAMILY I. ELEPHANTID^E. 



Toes concealed under the skin, their tips only distinct. Snout elongated into a long and 

 flexible proboscis. The largest of terrestrial animals, and in the living state, found only 

 in the Eastern Continent. It comprises the Elephant, Mastodon, Rhinoceros and Hippo- 

 potamus, embracing at present eight living and twenty-one fossil species. 



GENUS ELEPHAS. Linneus. 



Upper incisors in the form of enormous tusks, slightly arched towards the tips, a vertical 

 section presenting curvilinear lozenges. Molars four above and four beneath, composed of 

 vertical lamina. With a long flexible proboscis. Five toes on all the feet. The skin of 

 the living species thick, with scattering hairs. 



