124 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



Fossil. — From the Middle Pliocene onwards (Seguenza). 



Besides specimens as given above, the " Challenger " brought home shells of the genus from 

 Station 113a, September 1, 1873, anchorage, Fernando Noronha, 7 to 25 fathoms, volcanic sand and 

 gravel; from Station 122, September 10, 1873, lat. 9° 5' S., long. 34° 50' W., Pernambuco, 350 

 fathoms, red mud ; from Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 15 to 20 fathoms, December 1873 ; from 

 Torres Strait, 3 to 11 fathoms, September 7, 1874; from Flinder's Passage, 7 fathoms, September 8, 

 1874 ; from Station 186, Wednesday Island, Cape York, North-Eastern Australia, September 8, 1874 ; 

 from Station 187, September 9, 1874, lat. 10° 36' S., long. 141° 55' E., near Cape York, 6 fathoms, 

 coral sand; and from the reefs of Honolulu, July 1875, 40 fathoms. They are all quite young and 

 small specimens, and indeterminable ; and here I must observe that the characteristic features relied 

 on for specific distinction are often quite untrustworthy in this most variable genus, and that I know 

 no marks by which many of the species can be determined. Thus Dr Carpenter (Mazatlan Univalves, 

 p. 224), having united Phasianella tesscllata, Beck, Phasianella minuta, Anton, and Phasianella 

 zebrina, D'Orb., from Jamaica, Cuba, and Guadaloupe, as the same species, and having suggested 

 its identity with Phasianella perforata, Phil., from Payta and Mazatlan on the Pacific, and having 

 referred to the identity of colouring which marks the entire group, mentions that in Phasianella 

 perforata " the first whorl of the five is discoidal," and adds that the species " is characterised by 

 extremely minute wrinkling over the whole surface, only discernible under the microscope when quite 

 fresh," stating finally that " the umbilicus is very large when young and sharply keeled ; when adult 

 it is often nearly filled up by the callous labium." All of these are features which may be met with 

 in specimens of Phasianella pulla, Linn., and cannot be made characteristic of species. 



12. Turbo, Linne, 1758. 

 Species. 



1. Turbo petholatus, Linne. 6. Turbo (Niudla) staminea,' ! Martyn. 



2. Turbo smaragdus, Marty n. 7. Turbo (Collonia) indutus, "Wats. 



3. Turbo transenna, Wats. 8. Turbo (Calcar) henicus, Wats. 



4. Turbo (Seneetus) clirysostomus, Linne. [9. Turbo (Uvanilla) tentoriiformis, Jonas. 



5. Turbo (Lunella) coronatus, Grnelin. 10. Turbo (Bolina) lapillus, Keeve. 



1. Turbo petholatus, Linne. 



Turbo petholatus, Linne, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 1233, No. 612. 



Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. v. p. 218, pi. clxxxiii. figs. 1826-35, and pi. clxxxiv. 

 figs. 1836-39. 

 „ „ Lamarck, Anim. s. vert., vol. vii. p. 43, and (ed. Desh.) vol. ix. p. 192, sp. 12. 



„ Dillwyn, Cat., vol. ii. p. 823, sp. 19. 



„ „ Deshayes, Encyclop. method., vers. vol. iii. p. 1095, sp. 10. 



„ „ Philippi in Conch. Cab. (ed. liuster), p. 7, sp. 3. pi. ii. figs. 1-10, and pi. iii. figs. 1-4. 



„ Wood, Ind. Test. (ed. Hanley), p. 150, pi. xxx. fig. 18. 



,, „ Eeeve, Conch. Icon., vol, iv. pi. iii. fig. 12. 



„ „ Hanley, Ipsa Linn. Conch, pp. 329, 530. 



