176 



CLARK: ABYSSAL TEMPERATURES 



Using this method we find the following departures from the 

 mean for the depth given between California and the Hawaiian 

 Islands : 



TABLE I 



* The numbers in parentheses are the numbers of observations. 



Below 2000 fathoms we find a maximum variation of only 0?41 

 Fahrenheit. The abyssal water is coldest on the California 

 coast; it gradually becomes warmer to long. 130°-140°W., then 

 becomes gradually warmer again at almost the same rate to 

 long. 145°-160°W., from which point it becomes rapidly warmer 

 to long. 150°-160°W. The water between 1000 and 2000 fathoms 

 is also warmer about the Hawaiian Islands than on the Cali- 

 fornian coast. (See fig. 1.) 



♦01 



*0.0 



-01 



-0.2 



-4)3 



Fig. 1. Diagram illustrating the increase in the temperature of the water 

 below 2000 fathoms between California and the Hawaiian Islands. The tempera- 

 tures, recorded as plus or minus departures from the mean of the ocean as a whole, 

 are given as averages of all the observations for each five degrees of longitude. 



