564 abstracts: geology 



GEOLOGY. — The flora of the Fox Hills sandstone. F. H. Knowlton. 



U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 98-H. Pp. 8, with 



one illustration. 1916. 

 The known flora of the Fox Hill sandstone includes only thirteen 

 forms. Of these it appears that only four of the species have been 

 previously known, the remainder being new to science or so fragmentary 

 as not to merit specific designation. This little Fox Hills flora shows 

 distinctly Upper Cretaceous affinities, being, as might be presumed 

 from its stratigraphic position, intermediate between the older floras 

 of the Montana group and the younger flora of the overlying Laramie, 

 but having a preponderance in its resemblances to the Montana. 

 Ecologically this flora appears to indicate a much more abundant 

 supply of moisture than now exists in the region, though this should 

 naturally follow from the fact that it must have been growing near the 

 sea and not far above sea level. The meager data appear to indicate 

 a warm-temperate climate. Descriptions of the species are given to- 

 gether with illustrations. R. W. S. 



GEOLOGY. — The fauna of the Chapman sandstone of Maine, including 

 descriptions of some related species from the Moose River sandstone. 

 H. S. Williams, assisted by C. L. Breger. U. S. Geological 

 Survey Professional Paper 89. Pp. 347, 27 plates, 3 figs. 1916. 

 The Chapman sandstone is exposed over a small area in Chapman 

 Township, Aroostook County, Maine. It includes at least 500 feet of 

 medium, fine grained, brown to gray sandstone, much of it thick bedded, 

 with some fine grained shaly layers separating the beds. In these 

 shaly sandstones occur most of the fossils which are marine. Here and 

 there fragments of plants appear in the sandstone. In the supposedly 

 overlying Mapleton sandstones only plant fossils have been discovered. 

 A detailed study of the fauna described in this volume demonstrates 

 its general affinity with the later phase of the American Helderbergian 

 fauna. Several species from the Moose River sandstones are mentioned 

 and figured, from which it is evident that this Moose River sandstone 

 is roughly equivalent to the Oriskany sandstone of New York and the 

 York River of Gaspe Peninsula. The evidence is clear that the Chap- 

 man forms, closely related to the Moose River species, are earlier repre- 

 sentatives of the evolutional lines to which they belong than the Moose 

 River forms. This report contains, besides the detailed descriptions 

 of many genera, 27 plates depicting hundreds of fossils. R. W. S. 



