GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE. 163 



and Tetraclita radiata, which seem to range over nearly the 

 whole world (excepting the colder seas), are species which 

 are habitually attached to ships, and which could hardly fail 

 to be widely transported. Indeed, it appears to me surprising, 

 that such species as Balanus psittacus and eburneus, which 

 often become attached to vessels, should still be confined, 

 the one to Southern, and the other to Northern America. 

 But some other Cirripedes, which I have never seen attached 

 to vessels, have likewise immense ranges : thus Tetraclita 

 porosa is found in every tropical and warmer sea, and 

 Chthamalus stellatus ranges round the world in the northern 

 hemisphere, and, along the eastern side of America, far 

 south of the equator : Balanus spongicola, and Acasta 

 spongites, extend from the shores of Britain to the Cape of 

 Good Hope : Balanus Icevis ranges from Tierra del Fuego 

 to California. I may further remark, that the only two 

 other species of Balanus, and the one Chthamalus, inhabiting 

 Tierra del Fuego, are, also, found on the shores of Peru. 

 But to show the powers of endurance in some species, I may 

 specify the case of Balanus improvisus, which flourishes on 

 the coast of Nova Scotia, amongst the West Indian Islands, 

 in Southern Patagonia, and near Guyaquil. Even more 

 striking is the case of B. crenatus, of which I have seen 

 specimens from latitude 74° 48' north, from the West 

 Indies, and the Cape of Good Hope ! In these two latter 

 localities, however, it seems to be rare, and may have been 

 first transported to them from the shores of Europe, on the 

 bottoms of vessels, to which it sometimes adheres. 



The several species of Balanidae live attached either to 

 coast-rocks, or to objects at various depths, down to, as in 

 the case of Bala?ius crenatus, 50 fathoms. Balanus 

 balanoides sometimes adheres to rocks or wood so high up, 

 that it is not covered by water during the neap tides. Mr. 

 Thompson has informed me, that he once accidentally kept 

 some specimens of this specie^ out of water for seven days 

 in a warm room, and that they were then quite lively. This 

 species, is very easily killed by brackish water, as are some 

 other species, whilst B. improvisus and ebumeus can 

 flourish in it ; and at the Falkland Islands, I saw Elminius 

 Kingii attached to rocks at the mouth of a fresh-water 



