494 BALANTDiE. 



fossil species of Balanus, described by Lamarck, can be recognised; the 

 descriptions are extremely imperfect. There is a figure of B. pustuluris in 

 Minister's 'Beitrage,' which makes me think that this may be a synonym of 

 B. concavus of Broun. 



B. pyramidalis, Miinstcr : see remarks under B. ornutus. 



B. rhomboicus, Bronn : see remarks under B. plicarius. 



B. squumosus, Defrance : see remarks under B. circinnutus. 



B. stelluris, Bronn ('Lethsea Geognostica,' tab. 36, fig. 13). To this species, 

 Lepas stellaris (I presume a misprint for stellata) of Poli, is given as a 

 synonym ; but the Lepas stellata of Poli is a Chthamalus, and this certainly is 

 not the case with B. stellaris. I have received two specimens from the 

 Continent named B. stellaris, but they certainly differed from the form so called 

 by Bronn, for in that, the parietes are said to be porose and the radii very 

 narrow : these foreign specimens I have named B. inclusus. A. species described 

 by me as B. corrugatus, resembles in external appearance the B. stellaris of 

 Bronn, but it is mere labour in vain to attempt identifying Balani by their 

 external characters. 



B. striutus, Defrance : see remarks under B. circinnatus. 



B. tertiarius, Risso, ' Hist. Nat. de l'Europe Merid.,' vol. iv. I cannot 

 recognise this species. 



B. tesselutus, Sowerby, a synonym of B.porcutus ; recent and fossil: see 

 remarks under B. costatus. 



B. zonarius, Minister : see remarks under B. ornatus ; possibly this is a 

 synonym of B. concavus. 



B. umphimorphus, Lamarck : see remarks under B. pustularis. 



B. crispatus, var. of B. tintinnabulum. 



B. cylindruceus, Lamarck. Prom Chenu's ' Illust. Conch.,' in which 

 work Lamarck's original specimens are figured; it appears that this is the 

 B. psittacus of South America, where it is also found fossil, but assuredly 

 Lamarck is quite in error when he states that a variety of this species occurs 

 fossil near Turin. Bronn (in his ' Italiens Tertiar-Gebilde,' p. 127) gives as 

 a synonym to the Turin fossil the Lepas tintinnabulum, of Brocchi (in the 

 1 Conchologia Possile Subapennina,' t. 2, p. 597), and this probably is correct ; 

 and I have hardly any doubt that the Lepas tintinnabulum of Brocchi is the 

 B. concavus of Bronn described in the present work. 



B. perforatus of Bruguiere is said by Philippi to be found in Sicily : see 

 remarks under B. tulipa. 



B. semiplicatus, Lamarck : see remarks under B. pustularis. 



B. tulipa of Miille r is the B. Humeri of this work, under which name full 

 information on its geological history has been given. The B. tulipu of Poli 

 and Ranzani is the B. tulipiformis of the present work ; and this latter species 

 is said by Philippi to occur fossil in Sicily. But there has been so much con- 

 fusion in the identification of B. tulipiformis, B. Humeri, and B. tintinnabulum, 

 and likewise of B. perforatus (which by Poli was wrongly considered to be 

 L. balanus, Linn.), that doubts must be entertained about which have been 

 really found, until the Sicilian fossils are all carefully examined. 



B. ovularis, Lamarck : see remarks under B. pustularis. 



B. Uddeicullensis, Linnseus, is probably a synonym of the B. Humeri of this 

 work and the B. tulipa of Midler. 



[A few other references may be added to those given by Bronn.] 



B. miser t stated by Lamarck to be found fossil : see remarks under B. 

 pustularis. 



B. patelluris of Lamarck, is stated by Marcel de Serres to be found fossil 

 with several other species of Balanus; thus named without any description in 

 the ' Annales des Scien. Phys. et Nat. deLyon,' torn, i, p. 417/ 



B. virgutus, delphinus, and crispus, are names given by Defrance, with abso- 

 lutely worthless descriptions. 



