EEPORT ON THE TUNICATA. 89 



long. 144° 4' 0" E ; dcptli, 1070 fotlioms ; surf. temp. 84°, bottom temp. 36''-4. Tlie 

 single .specimen wa.s considerably injured when obtained, but was dissected wliilc 

 fresli by Professor i\Ioseley. The remains were then preserved in spirit. 



A second specimen of probably the same species was also obtained during the 

 (lialleuger Expedition, on December 14, 1875, at Station 299, off the west coa,st of 

 South America ; lat. 33° 31' 0" S., long. 74° 43' 0" AV. ; from a depth of 21G0 fathoms ; 

 surf. temp. G2°, bottom temp. 35°"2. This specimen is likewise much injured, having 

 evidently had its delicate tissues torn by the trawl. The material which came into my 

 liands was therefore in such a fragmentary condition that I have been able to do little 

 more than confirm the results oljtained by Moseley in his examination of the first speci- 

 men, and add a few histological details. Under these circumstances I shall commence 

 by quoting IMoseley's description,' and shall then add my own observations and remarks : — 



" Octacnemus hytldus, gen. et spec. uov. 



" This stellate Ascidian Avas trawled March 1, 1875, in 1070 fathoms ; lat. 2° 33' S., 

 long. 144° 04' E., about forty miles north of Eossy Island, Schouten Islands. From its 

 peculiar appearance, due to the presence of the eight long radiating conical processes 

 of the test, the animal was at first supposed to be a Medusa. The single specimen was 

 considerably injured, the muscular networks maintaining their attachments in only 

 three of the conical processes, but the test was entire. 



" The test of the animal is gelatinous and hyaline. On the under surface the body 

 presents a flat area of a nearly oval form (PI. X. fig. 1). The border of this base is 

 thickened into a slightly prominent, rounded ridge, running round the periphery of 

 the entire basal area ; and, further, is indented slightly opposite the interspaces between 

 tlie long conical processes, so as to have an undulating outline. Towards one end of 

 the base (which end of tlie animal will be termed anterior, since it is that in which 

 the nerve ganglion lies), and in the middle line, is a prominence, also oval in outline 

 (PI. X. fig. 1, ad.). This prominence is formed of a process of the l^asal part of the 

 test. It terminates outwardly in a tangled mass of rootlets, massed amongst which 

 was found much sand and shell-particles from the bottom. The Ascidian was evidently 

 attached by this process or pedicle. 



" Above the margin of the base the body of the animal is somewhat contracted, but 

 its walls then again spread outwards, and extend into eight wide conical processes. 

 The processes terminate in abruptly narrowed tentacular-like tips (PI. X. fig. 1), which 

 are imperforate, and in which no sense organ or any special structure could be 

 discovered. 



" On the upper aspect of the body the eight conical processes are directly continuous 

 with the upper surface, which is somewhat hollowed or saucer-shaped. 



' I am indebted to Professor Moseley for liaving kindly given me the use of his orifjinal drawings to illustrate this 

 description of his species (see PI. X. figs. 1-.')). I have made the necessary changes in the references to the figures 

 which occur in the text. 



(zooL. ciiALL. EXP.— p.\nT Lx.xvi. — 1888.) Gggg 12 



