SUMMARY. 259 



always absolutely perfect ana are liatfte to mistakes ; tnat 

 no instinct een be shown to have been proauced for the 

 good of other animals, though animals take advantage of 

 the instincts of others; that the canon in natural history 

 or "Natura non facrt saltum," is applicable to instincts as 

 weii as to corporeal structure, and is plainly explicable on 

 the foregoing views, but is otherwise inexplicable — all tend 

 to corroborate the theory of natural selection. 



This theory is also strengthened by some few other factl 

 in regard to instincts ; as by that common case of closel;- [ 

 allied, but distinct, species, when inhabiting distant parts 

 of the world and living under considerable different con- 

 ditions of life, yet often retaining nearly the same instincts. 

 For instance, we can understand, on the principle of inherit- 

 ance, how it is that the thrush of tropical South America 

 lines its nest with mud, in the same peculiar manner as 

 does our British thrush ; how it is that the Hornbills of 

 Africa and India have the same extraordinary instinct of 

 plastering up and imprisoning the females in a hole in a 

 tree, with only a small hole left in the plaster through 

 which the males feed them and their young when hatched ; 

 how it is that the male wrens (Troglodytes) of North 

 America build "cock-nests," to roost in, like the males of 

 our Kitty-wrens — a habit wholly unlike that of any other 

 known bird. Finally, it may not be a logical deduction, 

 but to my imagination it is far more satisfactory, to look at 

 such instincts as the young cuckoo ejecting its foster- 

 brothers, ants making slaves, the larvae of ichneumonidae 

 feeding within the live bodies of caterpillars, not as specially 

 endowed or created instincts, but as small consequences of 

 one general law leading to the advancement of all organic 

 beings — namely, multiply, vary, let the strongest live and 

 the weakest die. 



