



Vlll 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XII. 



Valparaiso Excursion to the Foot of the Andes 

 Structure of the Land Ascend the Bell of 

 Quillota Shattered Masses of Greenstone 

 Immense Valleys Mines State of Miners 

 Santiago Hot-baths of Cauquenes Gold- 

 mines Grinding-mills Perforated Stones 

 Habits of the Puma El Turco and Tapa- 

 colo Humming-birds 252 



CHAPTER XIII. 



Chiloe General Aspect Boat Excursion 

 Native Indians -Castro Tame Fox Ascend 

 San Pedro Chonos Archipelago Peninsula 

 of Tres Montes Granitic Range Boat- 

 wrecked Sailors Low's Harbour Wild Po- 

 tato Formation of Peat Myopotamus, 

 Otter and Mice Cheucau and Barking-bird 

 Opetiorhynchus Singular Character of Or- 

 nithology Petrels 273 



CHAPTER XIV. 



San Carlos, Chiloe Osorno in eruption, con- 

 temporaneously with Aconcagua and Cose- 

 guina Ride to Cucao Impenetrable forests 

 Valdi via Indians - Earthquake Concep- 

 cion Great earthquake Rocks fissured 

 Appearance of the former towns The sea 

 black and boiling Direction of the vibra- 

 tionsStones twisted round Great Wave 

 Permanent elevation of the land Area of 

 volcanic phenomena The connexion be- 

 tween the elevatory and eruptive forces 

 Cause of earthquakes Slow elevation of 

 Mountain-chains . 291 



CHAPTER XV. 



Valparaiso Portillo pass Sagacity of mules 

 Mountain torrents Mines, how discovered 

 Proofs of the gradual elevation of the Cor- 

 dillera Effect of snow on rocks Geological 

 structure of the two main ranges Their dis- 

 tinct origin and upheaval Great subsidence 

 Red snow Winds Pinnacles of snow 

 Pry and clear atmosphere Electricity 

 Pampas Zoology of the opposite sides of the 

 Andes Locusts Great bugs Mendoza 

 Uspallata Pass Silicitied trees buried as 

 they grew Incas Bridge Badness of the 

 passes" exaggerated Cumbre Casuchas 

 Valparaiso . ., 313 



CHAPTER XVI. 



Coast-road to Coquimbo Great loads carried 

 by the miners Coquimbo Earthquake 

 Step-formed terraces Absence of recent de- 

 posits - Contemporaneousness of the Tertiary 

 formations Excursion up the valley Road 

 to Guas Peserfs Valey of Copiap6 

 Rain and earthquakes Hydrophobia The 

 Despoblado Indian Ruins Probable change 

 of climate River-bed arched by an earth- 

 quake Cold gales of wind Noises from a 

 hill Iquique Salt alluvium Nitrate of 

 soda Lima Unhealthy country Ruins of 

 Callao, overthrown by an earthquake Recent 

 subsidence - Elevated shells on San Lorenzo, 

 their decomposition Plain with embedded 

 shells and fragments of pottery Antiquity 

 of the Indian Race 337 



CHAPTER XVII. 



Galapagos Archipelago The whole group vol 

 canic Number of craters Leafless bushes 

 Colony at Charles Island James Island 

 Salt-lake in crater Natural History of the 

 group Ornithology, curious finches Rep- 

 tiles Great tortoises, habits of Marine li- 

 zard, feeds on sea-weed Terrestrial lizard, 

 burrowing habits, herbivorous Importance 

 of reptiles in the Archipelago Fish, shells, 

 insects Botany American type of organi- 

 zation Differences in the species or races on 

 different islands Tameness of the birds 



Fear of man, an acquired instinct 372 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

 Pass through the Low Archipelago Tahiti 

 Aspect Vegetation on the Mountains View 

 of Eimeo Excursion into the Interior Pro- 

 found Ravines Succession of Waterfalls 

 Number of wild useful Plants Temperance 

 of the Inhabitants Their moral state Par- 

 liament convened New Zealand Bay of 

 Islands Hippahs Excursion to Waimate 

 Missionary Establishment English Weeds 

 now run wild Waiomio Funeral of a New 

 Zealand Woman Sail for Australia. . . . 402 



CHAPTER XIX. 



Sydney Excursion to Bathurst Aspect of the 

 Woods Party of Natives Gradual extinc- 

 tion of the Aborigines Infection generated 

 by associated men in health Blue Moun- 

 tains View of the grand gulf-like Valleys 

 Their origin and formation Bathurst, gene- 

 ral civility of the lower orders State of So- 

 ciety Van Diemen's Land Hobart Town 

 Aborigines all banished Mount Welling- 

 ton King George's Sound Cheerless aspect 

 of the Country Bald Head, calcareous casts 

 of branches of trees Party of Natives Leave 



Australia 431 



CHAPTER XX. 



Keeling Island Singular appearance Scanty 

 Flora Transport of Seeds Birds and Insects 

 Ebbing and flowing Wells Fields of 

 dead Coral Stones transported in the roots 

 of trees Great Crab Stinging Corals 

 Coral-eating Fish Coral Formations La- 

 goon Islands, or Atolls Depth at which reef- 

 building Corals can live Vast Areas inter- 

 spersed with low Coral Islands Subsidence 

 of their foundations Barrier Reefs Fring- 

 ing Reefs Conversion of Fringing Reefs into 

 Barrier Reefs, and into Atolls Evidence of 

 changes in Level Breaches in Barrier Reefs 

 Maldiva Atolls ; their peculiar structure 

 Dead and submerged Reefs Areas of subsi- 

 dence and elevation Distribution.of Volcanos 

 Subsidence slow, and vast in amount.. 452 



CHAPTER XXI. 



Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great cra- 

 teriform ring of Mountains Hindoos St. 

 Helena History of the changes in the vege- 

 tation Cause of the extinction of land-shells 

 Ascension Variation in the imported rats 

 Volcanic Bombs Beds of infusoria Bahia 

 Brazil Splendour of tropical scenery Per- 

 nambuco Singular Reef Slavery Return 

 to England Retrospect on our voyage.. 483 



Index... , 507 



