GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 337 



many plants occur, either identically the same or re- 

 presenting each other, and at the same time representing 

 {)lants of Europe, not found in the intervening hot low- 

 ands. A list of the genera collected on the loftier 

 peaks of Java raises a picture of a collection made on a 

 hill in Europe ! Still more striking is the fact that 

 southern Australian forms are clearly represented by 

 plants growing on the summits of the mountains of 

 Borneo. Some of these Australian forms, as I hear 

 from Dr. Hooker, extend along the heights of the 

 peninsula of Malacca, and are thinly scattered, on the 

 one hand over India and on the other as far north as 

 Japan. 



On the southern mountains of Australia, Dr. F. 

 Midler has discovered several European species ; other 

 species, not introduced by man, occur on the lowlands ; 

 and a long list can be given, as I am informed by Dr. 

 Hooker, of European genera, found in Australia, but 

 not in the intermediate torrid regions. In the admir- 

 able Introduction to the Flora of New Zealand, by 

 Dr. Hooker, analogous and striking facts are given in 

 regard to the plants of that large island. Hence we see 

 that throughout the world, the plants growing on the 

 more lofty mountains, and on the temperate lowlands 

 of the northern and southern hemispheres, are some- 

 times identically the same ; but they are much oftener 

 specifically distinct, though related to each other in a 

 most remarkable manner. 



This brief abstract applies to plants alone : some 

 strictly analogous facts could be given on the distribu- 

 tion of terrestrial animals. In marine productions, 

 similar cases occur ; as an example, 1 may quote a 

 remark by the highest authority, Prof. Dana, that ' it 

 is certainly a wonderful fact that New Zealand should 

 have a closer resemblance in its Crustacea to Great 

 Britain, its antipode, than to any other part of the 

 world. ' Sir J. Richardson, also, speaks of the reappear- 

 ance on the shores of New Zealand, Tasmania, etc., 

 of northern forms of fish. Dr. Hooker informs me 

 that twenty-five species of Algae are common to New 



