80 proceedings: anthropological society 



children are all blonds. Two red-haired parents have only red-haired 

 offspring. But two glossy black-haired parents may carry red hidden 

 and so have red-haired children, as we so often see among the Irish. 

 Kinky or curly hair is dominant over straight. Two straight-haired 

 parents have, typically, only straight-haired children. 



Many "hereditary diseases" depend on a "diathesis," a non-resist- 

 ance that is clearly inherited, and if matings of like or of relations occur 

 extensively we have the elements necessary for the production of a 

 biotjT^e. Among such diseases are Huntington's chorea, presenile cat- 

 aract, and night blindness. Other diseases are inherited as sex-linked 

 characters — such are color blindness and the "bleeding tendency." 

 Very striking is the tendency to produce a real biot3^e of the imbecile 

 class, because imbeciles tend to segregrate themselves and to inter-marry. 

 This is the reason why we get such histories as the Nams of New York, 

 the Hill Folk of Massachusetts, the Pineys of New Jersey, and the 

 Jukes of New York. Any condition that favors consanguineous mat- 

 ings, or matings of likes, favors the formation of a variety of the human 

 race, as Dr. Alexander Graham Bell (the Francis Galton of America) 

 long ago pointed out. Thus most institutions which do not provide 

 permanent custodial care tend to promote such marriages; for example, 

 among the deafmutes, tubercular, nervous paupers, and even alcohol- 

 ics and users of narcotics. On the other hand, in consequence of social 

 stratification, fine near-biotypes, like the Lowells of Boston, the Dwight 

 Woolseys of Connecticut, the Bayard-Jay-Livingston complex of New 

 York, and the first families of Virginia have arisen. Actors tend to 

 marry each other and so rapidly produce nearly pure strains of histrionic 

 talent. This nation owes more than it recognizes to its strains of in- 

 ventors, surgeons, commanders, statesmen, authors, artists, and finan- 

 ciers that have made her famous and given her the high standing she 

 has attained in the family of nations. 



Thus biotypes in man prove to be real things and their study is quite 

 as much within the proper field of research of the anthropologist as are 

 the commonly recognized races of men. 



The paper was discussed by Doctor Hrdlicka. 



At the 470th regular meeting of the Society held December 16th, 

 1913, James Mooney, of the Bureau of American Ethnology, delivered 

 an address on TJie Gaelic factor in the world's population. The speaker 

 dealt chiefly with the Irish Gaels and drew a distinction between the 

 Irish of native Gaelic stock and the unassimilated alien element massed 

 in several of the northeastern countries as the result of the "Plantations" 

 under James I and Cromwell. This alien element was of English and 

 Lowland Scotch stock, with a slight Highland Gaelic infusion, Prot- 

 estant in religion and mostly Unionist in politics, while those of the 

 old native stock were as solidly Catholic and Nationalist. Speaking 

 broadly, in Ireland the Catholics represent the original Gaelic stock; 

 the Episcopalians, those of English stock; and the Presbyterians and 

 Methodists, those of Scotch origin, constituting respectively about 74, 



