82 proceedings: anthropological society 



4,390,219, of whom all but 157,037 were native born. Of the native born 

 about 74 per cent or 3,245,000 represent the old Gaelic stock. By the 

 same census there were 375,325 persons of Irish birth then living in Eng- 

 land and Wales, while an unofficial estimate puts those in Scotland at 

 about 220,000, or nearly 600,000 for the whole island, which with the 

 children of Irish parentage would probably total at least 1,500,000. The 

 same census gives 139,434 Irish born to Australia, or perhaps 350,000 of 

 Irish blood. South Africa and the other British colonies, exclusive of 

 Canada, have 100,000 of the same stock, while Canada has in round 

 numbers 990,000 of Irish birth or parentage, of whom about 750,000 are 

 of Gaelic origin, as indicated by religious denomination. Outside the 

 countries already named, Argentina has some 15,000 Irish born and the 

 rest of Latin America possibly as many more, with perhaps another 

 15,000 or 20,000 scattered over the rest of the world. To sum up, the 

 the total Irish-born population thruout the world is now about 6,875,000 

 or about 1,625,000 less than the population of the home country alone in 

 1845, while the whole nmnber of unmixed Irish blood may be about 

 seventeen million, of whom nearly fifteen million are of Gaelic stock. 

 The total Gaelic population — Irish, Scotch and Manx — of fairly pure 

 stock and racial identit}^, in every part of the world, probably numbers 

 close to twenty million. 



At a special meeting of the Society held on January 6, at the National 

 Museum, Dr. Trumaj^ Michelson of the Bureau of American Eth- 

 nology, delivered an address. Notes on the Fox Indians of Iowa. — ^Their 

 own native name is Meskwa'ki'Ag', "Red-Earths;" the French name, 

 les Renards, is derived from the appellation of a single gens, Wago'Ag', 

 "Foxes;" the English name "Foxes" is a translation of the French les 

 Renards; the term "Outagamies" (and variants) is derived from the 

 Ojibwa UtAgamig, "they of the other shore." Their closest linguistic 

 relations are first with the Sauk, then the Kickapoo, then the Shawnee, 

 and then the so-called Abnaki tribes. They are also comparatively close 

 to the Menominee and Cree as compared with the Ojibwa, Ottawa, and 

 Potawatomi. The thesis that the Foxes were once an Iroquoian people 

 and subsequently took up an Algonquian dialect cannot be substantiated. 

 There is presumptive evidence that the Foxes were once in the lower 

 Michigan peninsula. However their proper history begins in the last 

 half of the seventeenth century in Wisconsin on the Wolf and Fox 

 Rivers. The long French wars broke out in the early part of the eight- 

 eenth century. Even the transportation of Kiala (that is, Kyanaw'^) 

 by De Villiers to Montreal, and his subsequent exile to Martinique, did 

 not break their spirit; and De Villiers paid for his overconfidence with 

 his life. Soon there was peace with sporadic outbreaks till Beauharnois' 

 recall, when war began again in earnest. However the Foxes assisted 

 the French against the English. After the overthrow of French power 

 in Canada the Foxes were favorable to the British interest. The fraudu- 

 lent treaty of 1804 with the United States was probably responsible for 

 the Foxes siding with the British in the war of 1812, and the subsequent 



