abstracts: pathology 123 



PHYTOPATHOLOGY.— n;-ee undescribed heart-rots of hardivood trees, 

 especially of oak. W. H. Long. Journal of Agricultural Research 

 1: 109-128. 1913. 



Of the twenty heart-rotting fungi found in oak only the following 

 seven were present to any extent in the trunks and tops of the trees: 

 Hijdnum erinaceus, Polyporus sulphureus, P. dryophilus, P. berkeleyi, 

 P. frondosus, P. pilotae, and Fames lobatus. 



Of the 2100 felled oak trees studied in the Ozark National Forest 

 64. S per cent were affected with butt rots. Tables are given for the 

 follo^\^ng fungi : Hydnimi erinaceus, Polyporus pilotae, Polyporus sul- 

 phureus, Polyporus berkeleyi, and Polyporus frondosus, showing the vari- 

 ous heights of rot produced by each in the trees. 



Polyporus pilotae was found in the following species of trees : Quercus 

 alba, Q. velutina, Q. texana, Q. coccinea, Castanea pumila, and C. dentata. 

 The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of this rot for each host 

 are given. It is a delignifying rot in which long white strands of cellu- 

 lose are usually the most prominent feature. 



A string and ray rot of oaks caused by Polyporus berkeleyi is a rot in 

 which the wood fibers are first delignified and then absorbed, leaving 

 more or less intact the medullary rays and the vessels. In a later 

 stage all the elements are gradually destroyed until only a brown mass 

 of very rotten wood and fungus hyphae is left in the stool of the tree. 



Polyporus frondosus is also a delignifying fungus. It was found in 

 only 12 trees out of 1968 white oaks examined. It has been found on 

 various species of oak and also on chestnut throughout the United 

 States and Canada, and also in Europe. W. H. L. 



PATHOLOGY. — Cysticercus ovis, the cause of tapeworm cysts in mutton . 

 B. H. Ransom. Journal of Agricultural Research 1: 15-58. 1913. 

 The discovery by inspectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry that 

 sheep slaughtered under Federal supervision were not infrequently in- 

 fested with cysticerci located in the musculature, led to an investiga- 

 tion as to their identity. They were evidently the same parasite as 

 that named Cysticercus ovis by Cobbold in 1869, which has generally 

 been considered identical with Cysticercus cellulosae, the pork-measle 

 parasite, the intermediate stage of Taenia solium of man. Some au- 

 thors, however, have looked upon it as an aberrant form of Cysticercus 

 tenuicollis, the intermediate stage of Taenia hydatigena (also known as 

 T. marginata), a dog tapeworm. By means of feeding experiments it 



