abstracts: paleontology 199 



at the surface and zero where it is as much as 8 feet below the surface. 

 The average discharge of ground water in the district was determined 

 to be approximately 155 second-feet, of which 93 to 114 second-feet is 

 contributed by soil evaporation and transpiration from grass and alkali 

 lands. The available data indicate that this discharge is about equal to 

 the accretions of ground water, as determined by observations on the per- 

 colation from streams and other sources of supply. 0. E. Meinzer. 



HYDROLOGY. — Ground water in Boxelder and Tooele Counties, Utah. 

 Everett Carpenter. U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply 

 Paper No. 333. Pp. 90, with maps and other illustrations. 1913. 



The mountains under discussion, which were produced chiefly by 

 block faulting, contain Paleozoic rocks ranging in age from Cambrian 

 to Carboniferous, inclusive; also pre-Cambrian and Tertiarj^ rocks. 

 The intervening alluvial slopes and desert flats are underlain by uncon- 

 solidated sediments, chiefly Pleistocene. Lake Bonneville covered most 

 of the area in the Pleistocene epoch. 



The indurated rocks are not important as waterbearing formations 

 but form huge reservoirs which contain unconsolidated sediments hold- 

 ing large quantities of water. Contributions to the underground supply 

 are made by floods discharged over the alluvial slopes, and withdrawals 

 occur on the valley flats and low deserts through the discharge of springs 

 and through capillary rise. Where alkali flats occur ground water will 

 be found near the surf ace. 0. E. Meinzer. . 



PALEONTOLOGY — Recurrent Tropidoleptus zones of the Upper Devo- 

 nian in New York. Henry S. Williams. U. S. Geological Survey 

 Professional Paper 79. Pp. 103, with 6 plates. 1913. 

 The area covered by this investigation is included almost wholly 

 in the Watkins Glen and Catatonk quadrangles, lying in south-central 

 New York. In this investigation 1411 separate faunules were collected 

 arid examined from the Watkins Glen and Catatonk quadrangles and 

 103 more from the adjoining Cortland quadrangle. All the faunules 

 which contained either Tropidoleptus carinatus, Rhipidomella vanuxemi 

 or closely allied forms, or Spirifer marcyi, Cypricardella bellistriata, 

 Delthyris mesicostalis, Phacops rana, and other species either recorded 

 in the Hamilton faunas or closely allied to them were critically examined. 

 Most of them are located in one or other of three definite zones in their 

 respective sections. The author shows (1) that none of the species 

 occur stratigraphically far above or below the immediate zones in which 

 they are found, often in abundance, and (2) that several of them are 

 habitually associated together. The faunules in each section contain- 



