232 abstracts: anthropology 



same series of larval forms which usually again produce paedogenetic 

 individuals. In live material of the third stage larvae which are to 

 become viviparous paedogenetic individuals the ovaries can easily be 

 seen, but in the same stage individuals which are to be either the ovi- 

 parous paedogenetic form or the pupa the ovaries were not apparent. 

 Males and females of the same brood appear to issue at different times, 

 greatly reducing the chances of inbreeding. A diagram, graphically 

 illustrating the life cycles (sixteen forms — ^four of which are hypothetical, 

 being yet unknown to the author), is given and a new family is proposed 

 for the species. J. C. Crawford. 



ENTOMOLOGY. — The mosquitoes of North and Central America and the 

 West Indies. L. 0. Howard, H. G. Dyar, and F. Knab. Carnegie 

 Institution of Washington, Publication no. 159, Vol. 1, pp. 1-520, 

 pis. 1-14. January 21, 1913. Vol. 2, pis. 1-150. February 24, 

 1913. 

 Volume 1 is devoted to a general consideration of mosquitoes and con- 

 tains chapters dealing in detail with the structure of the adult mosquito, 

 including its internal anatomy; the structure of the eggs, larvae, and 

 pupae; habits of adult mosquitoes and of the larvae; the natural enemies 

 of mosquitoes; methods of collecting, mounting, and rearing. There is 

 given also an extended account of the relation of mosquitoes to man, 

 dealing in detail with the diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and the 

 consequent economic loss, together with an account of protective and 

 remedial work against mosquitoes, the methods of carrying on such work, 

 and its efficiency, as illustrated by examples from various parts of the 

 world. A bibliography of thirty-eight pages is included. 



Volume 2 includes only plates, together with explanatory legends of 

 the various species to be considered in the systematic volumes to follow. 



J. C. Crawford, 



ANTHROPOLOGY. — Chippewa jnusic, II. Frances Densmore. Bul- 

 letin 53, Bureau of American Ethnology. Pp. i-xxi, 1-341. 1913. 

 This book is a continuation of a work entitled "Chippewa Music" 

 published as Bulletin 45 of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The 

 collection of 340 Chippewa songs comprised in these books includes 

 songs of native ceremonies, as well as of war, dances, and social life. The 

 tabulated analyses indicate a connection between the laws of sound and 

 the forms assumed by the melodies. The descriptive analyses show that 

 certain songs which have in common an underlying idea possess similar 

 melodic and rhythmic peculiarities. F. W. Hodge. 



