ABSTRACTS 



Authors of scientific papers are requested to see that abstracts, preferably 

 prepared and signed by themselves, are forwarded promptly to the editors. Each 

 of the scientific bureaus in Washington has a representative authorized to for- 

 ward such material to this journal, and abstracts of official publications should 

 be transmitted through the representative of the bureau in which they originate. 

 The abstracts should conform in length and general style to those appearing in 

 this issue. 



BACTERIOLOGY. — Pasteurization in bottles and the process of bottling 

 hot pasteurized milk. S. Henry Ayers and W. T. Johnson, Jr. 

 Journal of Infectious Diseases 14: 217-241. March, 1914. 



The investigations show that very satisfactory bacterial reduc- 

 tions may be obtained by pasteurization in bottles for thirty minutes at 

 145°F. In order to obtain the best results the bottles should be 

 steamed for two minutes before filling with mill;. During heating the 

 temperature of the milk should be recorded by a thermometer the bulb 

 of which is one-half inch from the bottom of the bottle. When seal 

 caps are used care must be taken to use only bottles with perfect tops 

 for leaking caps might cause dangerous infections from polluted water. 

 A method is given for detecting leaking caps. The advantages and dis- 

 advantages of pasteurization in bottles is discussed. 



Experiments were also made on a new process for pasteurization 

 which consists in bottling the pasteurized milk while hot in steamed 

 Ijottles. It is then proposed to cool the milk bj^ means of blasts of 

 cold air. Excellent bacteriological results were obtained by this 

 process. While the process of coohng by forced air draft was found 

 to be slow as compared with the ordinary methods of cooling, the bac- 

 terial content was not affected even when five hours were required to 

 cool the milk from 145° to 50°F. 



The authors point out that this process is only in an experimental 

 state and that further experiments are to be made on a commercial 

 scale. L. A. Rogers. 



ZOOLOGY. — A contribution to the study of the ophiurans of the United 

 States National Museum. Rene Koehler. Bulletin 84, LT. S. 

 National Museum. Pp. i-vh, 1-173, pis. 1-18. April 9, 1914. 

 The present work summarizes the results of a study of a large col- 

 lection of ophiurans chiefly from the West Indies and the southeastern 



290 



