REPORT ON THE RADIOLARIA. 1619 



wliich may Ije .stained by carmine and is probably identical with the jelly of the calymma. 

 The latter is probably in direct connection with the former by the central pore of the 

 nodal cavity, which is placed on its inside and surrounded by the astral septa ; these 

 separate the tangential tubes, radiating from one nodal point, completely, and are thin 

 and simple, but very solid lamellae of silica. Therefore the nodal stars of broken shells 

 usually remain united, whilst the single radiating tubes composing them are broken oft' 

 (PI. 110, figs. 3, 8, 10). But it happens only rarely (and only in certain individual species) 

 that complete single tubes separate; usually the fragments of the connected neighbouring 

 tuljcs remain on their ends. The two small terminal openings of each tangential tube, 

 which lead from its cavity into the nodal cavity, and are surrounded on each end by the 

 truncated ends of two neighbouring astral septa, are very difficult to observe (PI. 110, 

 figs. 8-10). 



The wonderful elegance and the high complication of these regular skeletons of 

 the Aulosphserida, produced by a single cell, becomes increased by the graceful and 

 manifold appendages and apophyses which are usually developed on the radial tubes. 

 In only a few species these are simple, as in the common and cosmopolitan AulosphcBra 

 trigonopa. Usually lateral or terminal appendages are develojjed in great variety, a 

 selection of which is figured in Pis. 109-111. The lateral branches are either 

 irregularly scattered spines (PI. 110, figs. 3-7) or regular verticils of cruciate or radiate 

 spines ; each verticil is usually composed of four perpendicularly crossed horizontal 

 branches (PI. 109, figs. 3, 4, 7, 10, &c.), more rarely of a greater number of radiating 

 transverse branches. 



The terminal appendages of the radial spines exhibit a striking similarity with those 

 of the Aulacauthida (Pis. 102-105). They are either forks with two or three divergent 

 branches (PL 111, figs. 3, 4), or regular crosses with four branches opposite in paii"s 

 (Pi. 109, figs. 2, 6, 7, 10), or elegant crowns or verticils, composed of numerous radiating 

 branches (PI. 110, figs. 1-6). The distal ends of the terminal as well as of the lateral 

 branches are either simple, pointed, or armed with a spinulate knob, or with a terminal 

 spathilla. The variety and elegance of these terminal ornaments, the function of which 

 is that of capturing tentacles, is in the Aulosphserida not less admirable than in the 

 Aulacauthida and Coelodendrida. 



The central ccqjsule of the Aulosphgerida (PI. Ill, fig. 2) was first figured in my 

 Mouocraph (1862, Taf. xi. fig. 5) of Aulosphcera elegantissima, as a sphere of 0'2 to 0'3 

 mm. in diameter. I described there the large nucleus (of half that size) as a spherical 

 " Binuenblase," and the numerous pseudopodia which arise from the capsule and radiate 

 through the meshes of the lattice-shell. But I had not observed at that time the three 

 typical openings of the capsule, which were first discovered and accurately described by 

 R. Hertwig (1879, loc. cit., p. 94, Taf. x. figs. 2, 4, 5, 8, 14). The large astropyle with 

 its radiate operculum and proboscis, and the two smaller lateral parapylas, provided with 



