170 proceedings: anthropological society 



merly used for secular purposes. The remarkable feature of this ruin 

 is the large size of one of the circular rooms, situated in the center of 

 a compact group of chambers. From the wide .southerly outlook this 

 ruin has received the name, Far View House. It is a pueblo habitation; 

 the first of its type ever brought to light on the plateau. The ruin 

 was repaired, the tops of the kivas being treated with Portland cement 

 to protect them from the elements. 



After describing the various architectural details of the building 

 Dr. Fewkes passed to a consideration of what he termed the morpholo- 

 gy of the structure, or the comparison of it with other types, especial- 

 ly the cliff dwellings of the Mesa Verde. He declared that it is a new 

 type of ruin for that region, and that there are evidences of many 

 other examples of the same general character now indicated by mounds; 

 we may say that formerly there were as many members of this type 

 on the Park as cliff dwellings in the caves of the canyons. He consid- 

 ered in detail some of the arguments bearing on the relative age of 

 buildings like Far View House, and the cliff dwellings, and came to 

 the conclusion that the former were the more recent, and evolved 

 from the habitations in cliffs. 



Considerable time was devoted to a discussion and comparison of 

 the so-called kiva or sacred room. He held that this chamber should 

 be made the basis of classification of pueblo ruins, and that it was 

 represented by the tower found widely distributed in Utah and ad- 

 jacent regions of Colorado. He pointed out the wide-spread custom of 

 dual styles of buildings among primitive races, one type being devoted 

 to religious purposes, the other to habitations. He claimed that the 

 former are always better constructed than the latter. He regarded 

 the tower as a religious building and thought that the people who i^sed 

 it lived in dugouts or temporary habitations that have disappeared. 

 In the earliest times these two types were separated, but in later stages 

 in the evolution of buildings they became united, and habitations 

 were constructed around the bases of the towers. Later in the course 

 of development the central original building lost its tower-like form 

 and became the circular kiva. Several similar architectural units, by 

 union, formed a pueblo. 



Dr. Fewkes pointed out that the great morphological similarity be- 

 tween Far View House and the pueblos with central kivas and towers, 

 many miles away, had an important bearing on the distribution or 

 diffusion of pueblo culture. He regarded the San Juan region as the 

 nucleus from which the pueblos south and west originated, thus sub- 

 stantiating by archaeological evidence the legendary traditions of 

 the inhabited and much modified historic pueblos. He claimed that 

 there were two nuclei of distribution of house builders in the southwest, 

 each arising in regions physiographically and climatically distinct, 

 each possessed of different materials available for architectural ad- 

 vancement. One arose in the Gila Valley, the other in the San Juan; 

 the former spread toward the north, the latter to the south. Both 

 nuclei were extinct before the historic epoch. What remained, or 



