4 INTRODUCTION. 



others. It has often and confidently been asserted, that 

 man's origin can never be known : but ignorance more 

 frequently begets confidence than does knowledge : it is 

 those who know little, and not those who know much, 

 who so positively assert that this or that problem will 

 never be solved by science. The conclusion that man is 

 the co-descendant with other species of some ancient, 

 lower, and extinct form, is not in any degree new. La- 

 marck long ago came to this conclusion, which has lately 

 been maintained by several eminent naturalists and 

 philosophers ; for instance, by Wallace, Huxley, Lyell, 

 Vogt, Lubbock, Biichner, Rolle, etc., 1 and especially by 

 Hackel. This last naturalist, besides his great work, 

 4 Generelle Morphologie' (1866), has recently (1868, 

 with a second edit. 1870) published his ' JNTatiirliche 

 Schopfungsgeschichte,' in which he fully discusses the 

 genealogy of man. If this work had appeared before 



1 As the works of the first-named authors are so well known, I need 

 not give the titles ; but, as those of the latter are less well known in 

 England, I will give them : ' Sechs Vorlesungen uber die Darwin'sche 

 Theorie:' zwiete Auflage, 1868, von Dr. L. Biichner; translated into 

 French under the title 'Conferences sur la Theorie Darwinienne,' 1869. 

 1 Der Mensch, im Lichte der Darwin'sche Lehre,' 1865, von Dr. F. Rolle. 

 I will not attempt to give references to all the authors who have taken 

 the same side of the question. Thus G. Canestrini has published (' An- 

 nuario della Soc. d. Nat.,' Modena, 1867, p. 81) a very curious paper on 

 rudimentary characters, as bearing on the origin of man. Another work 

 has (1869) been published by Dr. Barrago Francesco, bearing in Italian 

 the title of " Man, made in the image of God, was also made in the image 

 of the ape." 



