Chap, n.] MENTAL POWERS. 39 



Every one knows how liable animals are to furious rage, 

 and bow plainly tbey show it. Many anecdotes, probably 

 true, have been published on the long-delayed and artful 

 revenge of various animals. The accurate Render and 

 Brehm 7 state that the American and African monkeys 

 which they kept tame, certainly revenged themselves. 

 The love of a dog for his master is notorious ; in the 

 agony of death he has been known to caress his master, 

 and every one has heard of the dog suffering under vivi- 

 section, who licked the hand of the operator ; this man, 

 unless he had a heart of stone, must have felt remorse to 

 the last hour of his life. As Whewell 8 lias remarked, 

 " who that reads the touching instances of maternal affec- 

 tion, related so often of the women of all nations, and of 

 the females of all animals, can doubt that the principle of 

 action is the same in the two cases ? " 



We see maternal affection exhibited in the most trifling 

 details ; thus Rengger observed an American monkey (a 

 Cebus) carefully driving away the flies which plagued her 

 infant ; and Duvaucel saw a Hylobates washing the faces 

 of her young ones in a stream. So intense is the grief of 

 female monkeys for the loss of their young, that it inva- 

 riably caused the death of certain kinds kept under con- 

 finement by Brehm in North Africa. Orphan-monkeys were 

 always adopted and carefully guarded by the other mon- 

 keys, both males and females. One female baboon had so 

 capacious a heart, that she not only adopted young mon- 

 keys of other species, but stole young dogs and cats, which 

 she continually carried about. Her kindness, however, did 

 not go so far as to share her food with her adopted off- 

 spring, at which Brehm was surprised, as his monkeys al- 



7 All the following statements, given on the authority of these two 

 naturalists, are taken from Rengger's ' Naturges. der Siiugethiere von 

 Paraguay,' 1830, s. 41-57, and from Brehm's ' Thierleben,' B. i. s. 10-87. 



8 ' Biidgewater Treatise,' p. 263. 



