40 THE DESCENT OF MAN. [Part I 



ways divided every thing quite fairly with their own 

 young ones. An adopted kitten scratched the above-men- 

 tioned affectionate baboon, who certainly had a fine intel- 

 lect, for she was much astonished at being scratched, and 

 immediately examined the kitten's feet, and without more 

 ado bit off the claws. In the Zoological Gardens, I heard 

 from the keeper that an old baboon (C. chaona) had 

 adopted a Rhesus monkey ; but when a young drill and 

 mandrill were placed in the cage, she seemed to perceive 

 that these monkeys, though distinct species, were her 

 nearer relatives, for she at once rejected the Rhesus and 

 adopted both of them. The young Rhesus, as I saw, was 

 greatly discontented at being thus rejected, and it would, 

 like a naughty child, annoy and attack the young drill 

 and mandrill whenever it could do so with safety , this 

 conduct exciting great indignation in the old baboon. 

 Monkeys will also, according to Brehm, defend their mas- 

 ter when attacked by any one, as well as dogs to whom 

 they are attached, from the attacks of other dogs. But 

 we here trench on the subject of sympathy, to which I 

 shall recur. Some of Brehm's monkevs took much de- 

 light in teasing, in various ingenious ways, a certain old 

 dog whom they disliked, as well as other animals. 



Most of the more complex emotions are common to the 

 higher animals and ourselves. Every one has seen how 

 jealous a dog is of his master's affection, if lavished on 

 any other creature ; and I have observed the same fact 

 with monkeys. This shows that animals not only love, 

 but have the desire to be loved. Animals manifestly feel 

 emulation. They love approbation or praise ; and a dog 

 carrying a basket for his master exhibits in a high degree 

 self-complacency or pride. There can, I think, be no doubt 

 that a dog feels shame, as distinct from fear, and some- 

 thing very like modesty when begging too often for food. 

 A great dog scorns the snarling of a little dog, and this 



