122 THE DESCENT OF MAN. [Part I. 



figured by "Wagner, is surprisingly wide. 41 Considering 

 bow few ancient skulls have been examined in comparison 

 with recent skulls, it is an interesting fact that in at least 

 three cases the canines project largely ; and in the Nau- 

 lette jaw they are spoken of as enormous. 42 



The males alone of the anthropomorphous apes have 

 their canines fully developed ; but in the female gorilla, 

 and in a less degree in the female orang, these teeth pro- 

 ject considerably beyond the others ; therefore the fact 

 that women sometimes have, as I have been assured, con- 

 siderably projecting canines, is no serious objection to the 

 belief that their occasional great development in man is a 

 case of reversion to an ape-like progenitor. He who rejects 

 with scorn the belief that the shape of his own canines, 

 and their occasional great development in other men, are 

 due to our early progenitors having been provided with 

 these formidable weapons, will probably reveal by sneer- 

 ing the line of his descent. For, though he no longer in- 

 tends, nor has the power, to use these teeth as weapons, 

 he will unconsciously retract his "snarling muscles" (thus 

 named by Sir C. Bell) 43 so as to expose them ready for 

 action, like a dog prepared to fight. 



Many muscles are occasionally developed in man, 

 which are proper to the Quadrumana or other mammals. 

 Professor Vlacovich 44 examined forty male subjects, and 

 found a muscle, called by him the ischiopubic, in nineteen 

 of them; in three others there was a ligament which 

 represented this muscle; and in the remaining eighteen 

 no trace of it. Out of thirty female subjects this muscle 

 was developed on both sides in only two, but in three 



41 Carl Vogt's 'Lectures on Man,' Eng. translat. 1864, p. 151. 



42 C. Carter Blake, on a jaw from La Naulette, ' Anthropolog. Review, 

 1867, p. 295. Schaaffhausen, ibid. 1868, p. 426. 



43 'The Anatomy of Expression,' 1844, pp. 110, 131. 



44 Quoted by Prof. Canestrini in the ' Annuario,' etc., 1867, p. 90. 



