Chap. VII.] THE RACES OF MAN. 211 



range from the one into the other, as did formerly some 

 of the gigantic Edentata. The Esquimaux, like other 

 Arctic animals, extend round the whole polar regions. It 

 should be observed that the mammalian forms which in- 

 habit the several zoological provinces, do not differ from 

 each other in the same degree ; so that it can hardly be 

 considered as an anomaly that the Negro differs more, 

 and the American much less, from the other races of man 

 than do the mammals of the same continents from those 

 of the other provinces. Man, it may be added, does not 

 appear to have aboriginally inhabited any oceanic island ; 

 and in this respect he resembles the other members of his 

 class. 



In determining whether the varieties of the same kind 

 of domestic animal should be ranked as specifically dis- 

 tinct, that is, whether any of them are descended from 

 distinct wild species, every naturalist would lay much 

 stress on the fact, if established, of their external parasites 

 being specifically distinct. All the more stress would be 

 laid on this fact, as it would be an exceptional one, for I 

 am informed by Mr. Denny that the most different kinds 

 of dogs, fowls, and pigeons, in England, are infested by 

 the same species of Pediculi or lice. Now Mr. A. Murray 

 has carefully examined the Pediculi collected in different 

 countries from the different races of man ; 8 and he finds 

 that they differ, not only in color, but in the structure of 

 their claws and limbs. In every case in which numerous 

 specimens were obtained the differences were constant. 

 The surgeon of a whaling-ship in the Pacific assured me 

 that when the Pediculi, with whicji some Sandwich Island- 

 ers on board swarmed, strayed on to the bodies of the 

 English sailors, they died in the course of three or four 

 days. These Pediculi were darker colored and appeared 

 different from those proper to the natives of Chiloe in 



84 Transact. R. Soc. of Edinburgh,' vol. xxii. 1861, p. 507. 



