REPORT ON THE SEALS. 67 



Monachus monachus (Hermann). Monk Seal. Mediterranean Sea. 



Phoca monachus, Herman]], Abliandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, vol. iv. p. 501, 1779. 



Plioca albiventer, Boddaert, Elenchus Animal., p. 170, 1785. 



Pelagios monachus, F. Cuvier, Mem. Mas. Hist. Nat., t. xi. p. 196, 182-1. 



Monachus albiventer, Gray, Brit. Mus. Catal., p. 19, 1866. 



Post-canines moderately large, very oblique, and set close together; two rooted in the 

 upper jaw, except the first, mostly three-cusped, with the central cusp large, the anterior 

 and posterior small, and with a prominent cingulum ; the last upper post-canine set 

 transversely. Mandible with angle and subcondyloid process not very strong and 

 apparently continuous with each other ; coronoid broad, not pointed, lower border of 

 body not incurved. 



Cystophorin^e. 



Anterior nares in a vertical or almost vertical plane, and the upper part of the opening 



in the plane of the infraorbital foramina ; beak considerably prolonged in front of the 



opening ; premaxilla not articulating with nasal, horizontal part thick and with a tubercle. 



Greatest width of palate behind last molar, almost in line with posterior edge of maxillary 



root of zygoma and the transverse part of palato-maxillary suture. Basi-occipital not 



perforated mesially. Zygomata very bulging, the widest part of the arch in the middle 



and wider than the cranium. Posterior end of malar almost reaching glenoid fossa. 



Zygomatic root of maxilla not passing far back below malar. Inner wall of orbit defective. 



Pterygoids almost vertical in direction. 



r> *.-*.- -2-2 1-1 5 - 5 on 



Dentition — in. , c. , p. c. = 30. 



1-1 1-1 * 5-5 



This subfamily contains the genera Cystophora and Macrorhinus. 



Cystophora, Nilsson. 



Ascending part of premaxilla short and not reaching the nasal, so that the upper half 

 or third of anterior nares is bounded by superior maxilla, the outline of which is concave. 

 Tympanic bulla very swollen, the inner two-thirds smooth, and separated by a strong 

 oblique ridge from the outer third which is roughened and continuous with the wall of 

 a short external auditory meatus, the aperture of which opens directly outwards. A 

 distinct depression in superior maxilla below infraorbital foramen. The orbital orifice 

 of the infraorbital foramen opens in the lower part of the slope formed by the anterior 

 part of the floor of the orbit, and below this foramen the bone passes almost vertically 

 downwards to the posterior edge of the maxillary root of the zygoma. Mastoid part of 

 temporal relatively prominent. Posterior border of vomer short and articulating with 

 vomerine crest of palate in the plane of the posterior nares. Crowns of post-canines 



